The Development of a Semtex-H Simulant for Terahertz Spectroscopy

• Published in: Journal of infrared, millimeter and terahertz waves Vol. 38; no. 3; pp. 325 - 338
• Main Authors: Greenall, N., Valavanis, A., Desai, H. J., Acheampong, D. O., Li, L. H., Cunningham, J. E., Davies, A. G., Linfield, E. H., Burnett, A. D.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01-03-2017; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Classical Electrodynamics; Decontamination; Electrical Engineering; Electronics and Microelectronics; Engineering; Genetic algorithms; Instrumentation; Organic chemistry; Physical properties; Security; Spectral sensitivity; Spectroscopy; Spectrum analysis; Surface energy; Terahertz frequencies; Volatility; Semtex; Simulant; Explosive; Terahertz; Time-domain spectroscopy; Genetic algorithm
• ISSN: 1866-6892; 1866-6906
• DOI: 10.1007/s10762-016-0336-z

The development and use of terahertz (THz) frequency spectroscopy systems for security screening has shown an increased growth over the past 15 years. In order to test these systems in real-world situations, safe simulants of illicit materials, such as Semtex-H, are required. Ideally, simulants should mimic key features of the material of interest, such that they at least resemble or even appear indistinguishable from the materials of interest to the interrogating technique(s), whilst not having hazardous or illicit properties. An ideal simulant should have similar physical properties (malleability, density, surface energy and volatility to the material of interest); be non-toxic and easy to clean and decontaminate from surfaces; be recyclable or disposable; and be useable in a public environment. Here, we present a method for developing such an explosive simulant (for Semtex-H) based on a database of THz spectra of common organic molecules, and the use of a genetic algorithm to select a mixture of compounds automatically to form such a simulant. Whilst we focus on a security application, this work could be applied to various other contexts, where the material of interest is dangerous, impractical or costly. We propose four mixtures that could then be used to test the spectral response of any instrument, working at terahertz frequencies, without the need for an explosive substance.