Busulfan and melphalan as conditioning regimen for autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma

• Published in: British journal of haematology Vol. 91; no. 2; p. 380
• Main Authors: Alegre, A, Lamana, M, Arranz, R, Fernández-Villalta, M J, Tomás, J F, Figuera, A, Cámara, R, Steegman, J L, Casado, F, Requena, M J
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England 01-10-1995
• Subjects: Adult; Busulfan - therapeutic use; Disease-Free Survival; Female; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation - methods; Humans; Male; Melphalan - therapeutic use; Middle Aged; Multiple Myeloma - therapy; Survival Analysis
• ISSN: 0007-1048
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1995.tb05307.x

Twenty-four patients with multiple myeloma (MM), three (12.5%) in complete remission (CR) and 21 (87.5%) in partial remission (PR) were treated with high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) (busulfan 12 mg/kg+melphalan 140 mg/m2) as preparative regimen for autologous peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplantation. These cells were previously collected by leukapheresis after mobilization by high-dose cyclophosphamide (HD Cy)+rhGM-CSF (18 patients) or rhG-CSF alone (six patients). Considering 23 evaluable patients following HDCT, the CR rate was 58% (14 patients) and the PR rate was 38% (nine patients). One transplant-related death occurred following this regimen (4%). With a median follow-up of 20 months (range 4-34) after transplantation, 21 patients are alive (87%). Disease progression after transplantation was observed in four patients. Overall and relapse-free actuarial survival at 24 months was 91% and 74%, respectively. 12 patients (50%) remain in CR 15 months (4-34) post transplant. The major toxicity was mucositis. Busulfan+melphalan is a safe and feasible conditioning regimen for APBSCT in MM with acceptable toxicity and a high objective response rate, which may result in prolonged survival.