High prevalence of antiphospholipid antibodies in leprosy: evaluation of antigen reactivity

• Published in: Lupus Vol. 9; no. 8; pp. 594 - 600
• Main Authors: de Larrañaga, G F, Forastiero, R R, Martinuzzo, M E, Carreras, L O, Tsariktsian, G, Sturno, M M, Alonso, B S
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Thousand Oaks, CA SAGE Publications 01-01-2000; Sage Publications Ltd
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antibodies; Antibodies, Anticardiolipin - blood; Antibodies, Antiphospholipid - blood; Anticoagulants; Antigens; antiphospholipid syndrome; Autoantibodies - blood; beta 2-Glycoprotein I; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Glycoproteins; Glycoproteins - immunology; Humans; Immunoglobulin G - blood; Immunoglobulin M - blood; Immunology; Infectious diseases; Leprosy; Leprosy - blood; Leprosy - immunology; Lupus; Male; Middle Aged; Proteins; Prothrombin - immunology; Syphilis; Thrombocytopenia; Thrombosis; Argentina; leprosy; anticardiolipin antibodies; lupus anticoagulant; anti-β2 glycoprotein I antibodies; antiphospholipid antibodies
• ISSN: 0961-2033; 1477-0962
• DOI: 10.1191/096120300678828712

Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) have been reported not only in autoimmune disorders but also in various infectious diseases. Accumulating evidence indicates that b2 glycoprotein I (b2GPI) and prothrombin are the main proteins to which autoimmune aPL bind. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of different aPL in patients with leprosy. We included 51 outpatients (42 lepromatous and 9 borderline leprosy) without any clinical feature of the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). 35 had lupus anticoagulant and 31 had anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL). Anti-β2GPI antibodies were highly positive in 29=51 and anti-prothrombin antibodies (anti-II) were detected in 23=51. Almost all aCL and anti-b2GPI were of IgM isotype, while IgG isotype was more frequent among anti-II. No statistical difference was found when aPL were evaluated in patients grouped according to their bacteriological status. Furthermore, patients under treatment (n ‘ 33) had a similar frequency of positive aPL compared to patients in vigilance (n ‘ 14). Assessing the specificity of antibody binding to CL and b2GPI in ELISA by means of inhibition studies with cardiolipin-b2GPI liposomes, leprosy and APS sera showed a similar behaviour. Comparable results were also found in both groups of patients when inhibition experiments with lysate of Mycobacterium leprae were carried out. In summary, leprosy-related aPL resemble those found in patients with APS but the immunoglobulin isotype is different, with IgM much more prevalent in leprosy patients.