Inferring mating system parameters in forage peanut, Arachis pintoi, for Brazilian Amazon conditions
ABSTRACT The search for alternatives to increase productivity and sustainability of livestock production in the Amazon region without increasing deforestation is challenging. Mixed pastures of grasses with forage peanut (Arachis pintoi) have shown positive economic impacts. However, gaps in the know...
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Published in: | Acta amazonica Vol. 49; no. 4; pp. 277 - 282 |
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01-12-2019
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Abstract | ABSTRACT The search for alternatives to increase productivity and sustainability of livestock production in the Amazon region without increasing deforestation is challenging. Mixed pastures of grasses with forage peanut (Arachis pintoi) have shown positive economic impacts. However, gaps in the knowledge of the reproductive biology of A. pintoi have limited the development of new cultivars adapted to the environmental variations in the Brazilian Amazon. Pasture consortiums of Brachiaria humidicola with forage peanuts (cv. Mandobi) resulted in a 42% increase in weight gain productivity. New cultivars better adapted to the Amazon climate should bring even greater gains. We evaluated the mating system in twenty A. pintoi accessions, and approximately 40 offspring per accession genotyped with eight microsatellites (or markers). The parameters of genetic diversity and inbreeding, the outcrossing rate and coancestry were calculated. The observed heterozygosity was significantly higher and the fixation index was significantly lower in adults compared with the offspring. The crossing rate was variable among genotypes (2 to 80%), and the mean outcrossing rate was 36%. These results indicate that pollinator presence in pastures can influence gene flow in A. pintoi more than expected. Arachis pintoi presented a mixed mating system with a predominance of selfing, and families presented inbreeding and different levels of relatedness. New strategies of genotype conservation are needed to avoid pollinator-mediated crossing between accessions.
RESUMO A busca por alternativas para aumentar a produtividade e a sustentabilidade da pecuária na região Amazônica sem aumentar o desmatamento é desafiadora. Pastagens consorciadas de gramíneas com amendoim forrageiro (Arachis pintoi) têm mostrado impactos econômicos positivos. Porém, lacunas no conhecimento da biologia reprodutiva do amendoim forrageiro tem limitado o desenvolvimento de novas cultivares adaptadas as variações ambientais na Amazônia brasileira. Pastos consorciados de Brachiaria humidicola com amendoim forrageiro (cv. Mandobi) apresentaram cerca de 42% de aumento na produtividade do ganho de peso. Novas cultivares mais adaptadas ao clima amazônico, poderão trazer ganhos ainda maiores. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o sistema reprodutivo em vinte acessos de A. pintoi e aproximadamente 40 progênies por acesso, genotipadas com oito microssatélites (ou marcadores). Os parâmetros de diversidade genética e endogamia, taxa de cruzamento e coancestria foram calculados. A heterozigosidade observada foi significativamente maior e o índice de fixação foi significativamente menor nos adultos comparado às progênies. A taxa de cruzamento foi variável entre os genótipos (2 a 80%) e a média da taxa de cruzamento foi 36%. Esses resultados indicam que a presença de polinizadores em pastagens pode influenciar o fluxo gênico em A. pintoi mais do que o esperado. Arachis pintoi apresentou um sistema de cruzamento misto com predominância de autofecundação e as famílias apresentaram endogamia e diferentes níveis de parentesco. Novas estratégias de conservação de genótipos são necessárias para evitar polinizadores mediadores de cruzamento entre os acessos. |
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AbstractList | ABSTRACT The search for alternatives to increase productivity and sustainability of livestock production in the Amazon region without increasing deforestation is challenging. Mixed pastures of grasses with forage peanut (Arachis pintoi) have shown positive economic impacts. However, gaps in the knowledge of the reproductive biology of A. pintoi have limited the development of new cultivars adapted to the environmental variations in the Brazilian Amazon. Pasture consortiums of Brachiaria humidicola with forage peanuts (cv. Mandobi) resulted in a 42% increase in weight gain productivity. New cultivars better adapted to the Amazon climate should bring even greater gains. We evaluated the mating system in twenty A. pintoi accessions, and approximately 40 offspring per accession genotyped with eight microsatellites (or markers). The parameters of genetic diversity and inbreeding, the outcrossing rate and coancestry were calculated. The observed heterozygosity was significantly higher and the fixation index was significantly lower in adults compared with the offspring. The crossing rate was variable among genotypes (2 to 80%), and the mean outcrossing rate was 36%. These results indicate that pollinator presence in pastures can influence gene flow in A. pintoi more than expected. Arachis pintoi presented a mixed mating system with a predominance of selfing, and families presented inbreeding and different levels of relatedness. New strategies of genotype conservation are needed to avoid pollinator-mediated crossing between accessions.
RESUMO A busca por alternativas para aumentar a produtividade e a sustentabilidade da pecuária na região Amazônica sem aumentar o desmatamento é desafiadora. Pastagens consorciadas de gramíneas com amendoim forrageiro (Arachis pintoi) têm mostrado impactos econômicos positivos. Porém, lacunas no conhecimento da biologia reprodutiva do amendoim forrageiro tem limitado o desenvolvimento de novas cultivares adaptadas as variações ambientais na Amazônia brasileira. Pastos consorciados de Brachiaria humidicola com amendoim forrageiro (cv. Mandobi) apresentaram cerca de 42% de aumento na produtividade do ganho de peso. Novas cultivares mais adaptadas ao clima amazônico, poderão trazer ganhos ainda maiores. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o sistema reprodutivo em vinte acessos de A. pintoi e aproximadamente 40 progênies por acesso, genotipadas com oito microssatélites (ou marcadores). Os parâmetros de diversidade genética e endogamia, taxa de cruzamento e coancestria foram calculados. A heterozigosidade observada foi significativamente maior e o índice de fixação foi significativamente menor nos adultos comparado às progênies. A taxa de cruzamento foi variável entre os genótipos (2 a 80%) e a média da taxa de cruzamento foi 36%. Esses resultados indicam que a presença de polinizadores em pastagens pode influenciar o fluxo gênico em A. pintoi mais do que o esperado. Arachis pintoi apresentou um sistema de cruzamento misto com predominância de autofecundação e as famílias apresentaram endogamia e diferentes níveis de parentesco. Novas estratégias de conservação de genótipos são necessárias para evitar polinizadores mediadores de cruzamento entre os acessos. ABSTRACT The search for alternatives to increase productivity and sustainability of livestock production in the Amazon region without increasing deforestation is challenging. Mixed pastures of grasses with forage peanut (Arachis pintoi) have shown positive economic impacts. However, gaps in the knowledge of the reproductive biology of A. pintoi have limited the development of new cultivars adapted to the environmental variations in the Brazilian Amazon. Pasture consortiums of Brachiaria humidicola with forage peanuts (cv. Mandobi) resulted in a 42% increase in weight gain productivity. New cultivars better adapted to the Amazon climate should bring even greater gains. We evaluated the mating system in twenty A. pintoi accessions, and approximately 40 offspring per accession genotyped with eight microsatellites (or markers). The parameters of genetic diversity and inbreeding, the outcrossing rate and coancestry were calculated. The observed heterozygosity was significantly higher and the fixation index was significantly lower in adults compared with the offspring. The crossing rate was variable among genotypes (2 to 80%), and the mean outcrossing rate was 36%. These results indicate that pollinator presence in pastures can influence gene flow in A. pintoi more than expected. Arachis pintoi presented a mixed mating system with a predominance of selfing, and families presented inbreeding and different levels of relatedness. New strategies of genotype conservation are needed to avoid pollinator-mediated crossing between accessions. |
Author | CAMPOS, Tatiana de ASSIS, Giselle Mariano Lessa de OLIVEIRA, Jônatas Chagas de SOUSA, Adna Cristina Barbosa de AZÊVEDO, Hellen Sandra Freires da Silva SILVA, Lucielio Manoel da SEBBENN, Alexandre Magno RUFINO, Polinar Bandeira |
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Title | Inferring mating system parameters in forage peanut, Arachis pintoi, for Brazilian Amazon conditions |
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