Influence of Environmental Temperature on Incidence of Indinavir-Related Nephrolithiasis

• Published in: Clinical infectious diseases Vol. 29; no. 2; pp. 422 - 425
• Main Authors: Martínez, Esteban, Leguizamón, Marcelo, Mallolas, José, Miró, José M., Gatell, José M.
• Format: Journal Article Conference Proceeding
• Language: English
• Published: Chicago, IL The University of Chicago Press 01-08-1999; University of Chicago Press
• Subjects: AIDS; Ambient temperature; Atmospheric Pressure; Atmospheric temperature; Biological and medical sciences; Drug toxicity and drugs side effects treatment; HIV; HIV Infections - complications; HIV Infections - drug therapy; HIV Protease Inhibitors - adverse effects; HIV Protease Inhibitors - therapeutic use; Humans; Humidity; Incidence; Indinavir - adverse effects; Indinavir - therapeutic use; Infectious diseases; Kidney Calculi - chemically induced; Kidney Calculi - complications; Kidney Calculi - epidemiology; Kidney stones; Medical sciences; Meteorology; Nephrolithiasis; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Prospective Studies; Temperature; Toxicity: urogenital system; Europe; Spain; Kidney disease; Human; Immunopathology; Urinary system disease; Atmospheric pressure; Toxicity; AIDS; Immune deficiency; Epidemiology; Kidney; Urinary stone; Incidence; Infection; Atmospheric temperature; Viral disease; Risk factor; Lithiasis; Antiviral; Atmospheric humidity; Indinavir
• ISSN: 1058-4838; 1537-6591
• DOI: 10.1086/520226

We analyzed the influence of temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure on the 1-year incidence of nephrolithiasis among human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients treated with indinavir. One hundred three patients (13.6%) developed 326 episodes of nephrolithiasis. Eighty-two patients (79.6%) had more than one episode (range, two to seven episodes). The overall incidence ranged from 0 to 10.2 episodes per 100 patients exposed per month. There was a significant correlation between temperature and the overall incidence of nephrolithiasis and the incidence of recurrences but not with the incidence of first episodes. Nephrolithiasis was not related to humidity or atmospheric pressure. Our data support the standard recommendation of drinking at least 1.5 L of water daily to prevent nephrolithiasis in most patients treated with indinavir irrespective of meteorologic factors. However, the risk of nephrolithiasis is higher for a certain subgroup of patients when the environment is hot irrespective of adequate water intake.