Effect of Carbon in Severe Plastically Deformed Metals
In the last decades severe plastic deformation techniques have gained increasing interest as they allow the production of bulk nanostructured materials with superior mechanical and functional properties. However, because of mechanically induced grain boundary migration, the achievable grain size red...
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| Published in: | Advanced engineering materials Vol. 22; no. 12 |
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| Main Authors: | , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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01-12-2020
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| Abstract | In the last decades severe plastic deformation techniques have gained increasing interest as they allow the production of bulk nanostructured materials with superior mechanical and functional properties. However, because of mechanically induced grain boundary migration, the achievable grain size reduction is not indefinite but tends to stagnate once sufficient strain has been applied. Consequently, addition of solute elements or second phase particles offers the possibility to access the true nanocrystalline regime. Due to their low solubility and high mobility, interstitial elements are extremely effective at subduing boundary migration. Herein the effect of carbon on grain refinement and the resulting mechanical properties are summarized. As carbon may not only be added as graphite but could also be introduced in other forms or as allotropes such as nanotubes, nanodiamonds, or carbides, the respective advantages and problems associated with it are the center of discussion. Independent of the strategy used, strength levels hardly achievable with other alloying elements can be obtained. Moreover, as carbon does not have a negative effect on grain boundary cohesion, despite the enormous strength levels even ductility and toughness can be widely maintained.
By adding carbon, the saturation grain size in severe plastically deformed materials can efficiently be reduced. Also, other forms and allotropes of carbon (nanotubes, nanodiamonds, and carbides) allow the generation of significantly finer microstructures. Independent of the type of carbon used, high strength levels with exceptional ductility and toughness can be reached. |
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| AbstractList | In the last decades severe plastic deformation techniques have gained increasing interest as they allow the production of bulk nanostructured materials with superior mechanical and functional properties. However, because of mechanically induced grain boundary migration, the achievable grain size reduction is not indefinite but tends to stagnate once sufficient strain has been applied. Consequently, addition of solute elements or second phase particles offers the possibility to access the true nanocrystalline regime. Due to their low solubility and high mobility, interstitial elements are extremely effective at subduing boundary migration. Herein the effect of carbon on grain refinement and the resulting mechanical properties are summarized. As carbon may not only be added as graphite but could also be introduced in other forms or as allotropes such as nanotubes, nanodiamonds, or carbides, the respective advantages and problems associated with it are the center of discussion. Independent of the strategy used, strength levels hardly achievable with other alloying elements can be obtained. Moreover, as carbon does not have a negative effect on grain boundary cohesion, despite the enormous strength levels even ductility and toughness can be widely maintained.
By adding carbon, the saturation grain size in severe plastically deformed materials can efficiently be reduced. Also, other forms and allotropes of carbon (nanotubes, nanodiamonds, and carbides) allow the generation of significantly finer microstructures. Independent of the type of carbon used, high strength levels with exceptional ductility and toughness can be reached. |
| Author | Bachmaier, Andrea Renk, Oliver Pippan, Reinhard |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Andrea orcidid: 0000-0001-7207-2917 surname: Bachmaier fullname: Bachmaier, Andrea email: andrea.bachmaier@oeaw.ac.at organization: Austrian Academy of Sciences – sequence: 2 givenname: Reinhard surname: Pippan fullname: Pippan, Reinhard organization: Austrian Academy of Sciences – sequence: 3 givenname: Oliver surname: Renk fullname: Renk, Oliver organization: Austrian Academy of Sciences |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_msea_2021_142372 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_actamat_2022_118614 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_actamat_2022_118333 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_actamat_2022_117694 crossref_primary_10_2320_matertrans_MT_MF2022029 crossref_primary_10_1002_adem_202400578 crossref_primary_10_2320_matertrans_MT_MF2022027 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_matchar_2023_112965 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_mtla_2021_101207 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_triboint_2024_109606 |
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| Title | Effect of Carbon in Severe Plastically Deformed Metals |
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