Experimental and numerical investigation of a direct injection spark ignition hydrogen engine for heavy-duty applications

• Published in: International journal of hydrogen energy Vol. 47; no. 67; pp. 29069 - 29084
• Main Authors: Maio, G., Boberic, A., Giarracca, L., Aubagnac-Karkar, D., Colin, O., Duffour, F., Deppenkemper, K., Virnich, L., Pischinger, S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 05-08-2022; Elsevier
• Subjects: Engineering Sciences; Environmental Sciences; hydrogen; Mechanics; spark ignition engines; turbulent combustion modeling; turbulent combustion modeling; spark ignition engines; hydrogen
• ISSN: 0360-3199; 1879-3487
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.06.184

The H2 internal combustion engine is gaining increasing interest especially for commercial vehicles. Regarding the optimization of the combustion process, results of experimental investigations on a H2 heavy-duty single-cylinder engine in combination with numerical 3D-CFD investigations are presented. In addition to a Direct Injection (DI) Spark Ignited (SI) configuration, Port Fuel Injection (PFI) is explored to provide a reference with near homogeneous cylinder charge. The main objective is to assess a 3D-CFD-RANS framework based on ECFM and state-of-the art sub-models to describe the most important phenomena occurring in H2 spark ignition engines and to support the experimental analysis. Experimental results show that the PFI configuration provides efficiency and emissions benefits at the expense of volumetric efficiency. The proposed CFD model demonstrates the ability to successfully simulate different engine operating conditions for both PFI and DI systems. In particular, it is shown that the charge stratification typical for DI systems is not beneficial for the studied configuration as it increases wall heat losses and NOx formation.