Determination of Retinol, α-Tocopherol, Lycopene, and β-Carotene in Human Plasma Using HPLC with UV-Vis Detection : Application to a Clinical Study

A method is described here for the simultaneous determination of retinol, α-tocopherol, lycopene, and β-carotene in human plasma. The effectiveness of various protein precipitants and extraction solvents was tested. After adequate sample preparation, the samples were injected directly into the HPLC...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of chemistry Vol. 2013; no. 2013; pp. 1 - 7
Main Authors: Kand’ár, Roman, Novotná, Pavla, Drábková, Petra
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Cairo, Egypt Hindawi Puplishing Corporation 01-01-2013
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Hindawi Limited
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Abstract A method is described here for the simultaneous determination of retinol, α-tocopherol, lycopene, and β-carotene in human plasma. The effectiveness of various protein precipitants and extraction solvents was tested. After adequate sample preparation, the samples were injected directly into the HPLC system. The separation was realized on an analytical reversed-phase column with a UV-Vis detection. The analytical performance of this method was satisfactory. The intraassay and interassay coefficients of variation were below 10%. The recoveries were as follows: 97.0% (CV 2.4%) for retinol, 94.6% (CV 1.7%) for α-tocopherol, 91.9% (CV 3.6%) for lycopene, and 93.9% (CV 4.2%) for β-carotene. The levels of selected fat-soluble vitamins in plasma of patients with cardiovascular disease were measured and discussed.
AbstractList A method is described here for the simultaneous determination of retinol, α-tocopherol, lycopene, and β-carotene in human plasma. The effectiveness of various protein precipitants and extraction solvents was tested. After adequate sample preparation, the samples were injected directly into the HPLC system. The separation was realized on an analytical reversed-phase column with a UV-Vis detection. The analytical performance of this method was satisfactory. The intraassay and interassay coefficients of variation were below 10%. The recoveries were as follows: 97.0% (CV 2.4%) for retinol, 94.6% (CV 1.7%) for α-tocopherol, 91.9% (CV 3.6%) for lycopene, and 93.9% (CV 4.2%) for β-carotene. The levels of selected fat-soluble vitamins in plasma of patients with cardiovascular disease were measured and discussed.
Author Drábková, Petra
Kand’ár, Roman
Novotná, Pavla
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  fullname: Kand’ár, Roman
– sequence: 2
  fullname: Novotná, Pavla
– sequence: 3
  fullname: Drábková, Petra
BookMark eNqFkc1q3DAUhUVJoWmaVdcFrdu40Y9lWd0Ft80EBhraSbbmWj8ZBY80yAphHqQP0j5InimauMy2d3OvDh_nIM5bdBRisAi9p-QzpUKcM0L5ed0QVrNX6JgRRSpFJD063A1_g06n6Z6UaVsumDxGv7_abNPGB8g-Bhwd_mmzD3E8w09_qlXUcbu2af9c7sptgz3DEAx--lt1kGIuAvYBLx42EPD1CNMG8M3kwx1eXC87_OjzGt_cVrd-wvsk_ZLyBV9st6PXc2aOGHA3-lCEEf_KD2b3Dr12ME729N8-Qavv31bdolr-uLzqLpaV5ornqoZBNzVtJXNsEEq4pqWi4Uob3g6MGDVo1kqhQKlaSM4MSKZB8kFaKQTwE3Q125oI9_02-Q2kXR_B9y9CTHc9pOz1aPvBGcKAKg1O1dIJUM4aWmwIqRU1unh9mr10itOUrDv4UdLv--n3_fRzP4X-ONNrHww8-v_AH2bYFsQ6OMB1-VNL-TMaNZt2
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1016_j_foodchem_2015_10_077
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu13072280
crossref_primary_10_1002_jssc_201700492
crossref_primary_10_1017_S0007114522001398
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41430_018_0236_5
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00394_023_03314_6
crossref_primary_10_5897_AJFS2022_2170
crossref_primary_10_24857_rgsa_v18n9_148
crossref_primary_10_53393_rial_2016_v75_33509
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12161_017_0799_0
crossref_primary_10_1080_09291016_2017_1333199
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12885_020_06839_9
crossref_primary_10_17116_labs2016518_18
Cites_doi 10.1097/HJR.0b013e328325d807
10.1016/S0009-8981(97)00224-6
10.1093/carcin/bgn072
10.1117/1.2398884
10.1021/jp1100889
10.1373/clinchem.2005.056374
10.1002/(SICI)1099-0801(199803/04)12:2<89::AID-BMC732>3.0.CO;2-0
10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.02.051
10.1007/s00216-003-2288-0
10.1093/clinchem/33.9.1585
10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.04.004
10.1093/ajcn/88.3.747
10.1016/0076-6879(92)13120-M
10.1016/S0009-3084(02)00164-0
10.2310/6650.2007.06043
10.1079/BJN2000248
10.5858/arpa.2011-0426-LE
10.3109/10715762.2011.564168
10.1017/S0007114507868486
10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.12.025
10.1006/abio.1995.0009
10.1093/clinchem/40.3.411
10.1152/physrev.00047.2003
10.1016/j.chroma.2009.01.101
10.1002/biof.5520070106
10.1016/j.ab.2008.06.038
10.1016/S0955-2863(01)00207-8
10.1016/S0009-8981(98)00103-X
ContentType Journal Article
Contributor Drábková, Petra
Novotná, Pavla
Contributor_xml – sequence: 1
  fullname: Novotná, Pavla
– sequence: 2
  fullname: Drábková, Petra
Copyright Copyright © 2013 Roman Kand’ár et al.
Copyright_xml – notice: Copyright © 2013 Roman Kand’ár et al.
DBID ADJCN
AHFXO
RHU
RHW
RHX
AAYXX
CITATION
DOA
DOI 10.1155/2013/460242
DatabaseName الدوريات العلمية والإحصائية - e-Marefa Academic and Statistical Periodicals
معرفة - المحتوى العربي الأكاديمي المتكامل - e-Marefa Academic Complete
Hindawi Publishing Complete
Hindawi Publishing Subscription Journals
Open Access Journals (Hindawi Publishing)
CrossRef
Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
DatabaseTitleList
CrossRef


Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: http://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Chemistry
EISSN 2090-9071
Editor Culioli, Gerald
Editor_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Gerald
  surname: Culioli
  fullname: Culioli, Gerald
EndPage 7
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_bfd02a19caf947f5a9fed1e7500491dc
10_1155_2013_460242
473281
GroupedDBID 24P
4.4
5VS
8FE
8FG
AAFWJ
AAJEY
ABDBF
ABJCF
ADBBV
ADJCN
AENEX
AFKRA
AFPKN
AHFXO
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
BCNDV
BENPR
BGLVJ
CCPQU
D1I
EBS
EJD
ESX
GROUPED_DOAJ
H13
HCIFZ
HH5
IAO
IEA
IGS
ITC
KB.
KQ8
M~E
OK1
PDBOC
PIMPY
PROAC
RHX
RNS
TUS
RHU
RHW
AAYXX
CITATION
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c393t-4abc641872f2b595f6815639cd38b20d9bc28759a9945732da72ca73b7e755a3
IEDL.DBID DOA
ISSN 2090-9063
IngestDate Mon Oct 07 19:33:39 EDT 2024
Fri Nov 22 02:34:40 EST 2024
Sun Jun 02 18:55:36 EDT 2024
Tue Nov 26 17:09:54 EST 2024
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 2013
Language English
License This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c393t-4abc641872f2b595f6815639cd38b20d9bc28759a9945732da72ca73b7e755a3
OpenAccessLink https://doaj.org/article/bfd02a19caf947f5a9fed1e7500491dc
PageCount 7
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_bfd02a19caf947f5a9fed1e7500491dc
crossref_primary_10_1155_2013_460242
hindawi_primary_10_1155_2013_460242
emarefa_primary_473281
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2013-01-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2013-01-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 01
  year: 2013
  text: 2013-01-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace Cairo, Egypt
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Cairo, Egypt
PublicationTitle Journal of chemistry
PublicationYear 2013
Publisher Hindawi Puplishing Corporation
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Hindawi Limited
Publisher_xml – name: Hindawi Puplishing Corporation
– name: Hindawi Publishing Corporation
– name: Hindawi Limited
References (17) 2011; 135
(29) 2001; 85
(3) 2002; 13
(5) 2008; 88
(12) 2004; 378
(13) 1987; 33
(2) 2009; 1216
(7) 2003; 123
(22) 1995; 125
(10) 2011; 115
(18) 1998; 276
(24) 1998; 270
(8) 2011; 45
(14) 2008; 381
(21) 1995; 232
(11) 1998; 7
(1) 2006; 838
(25) 2007; 55
(15) 2009; 877
(9) 2006; 11
(23) 1998; 12
(28) 2005; 51
(27) 2008; 99
(4) 2008; 29
(26) 2009; 16
(20) 1994; 40
(6) 2004; 84
(16) 2004; 803
(19) 1992; 213
e_1_2_6_18_2
e_1_2_6_19_2
e_1_2_6_12_2
e_1_2_6_13_2
Bierer T. L. (e_1_2_6_22_2) 1995; 125
e_1_2_6_10_2
e_1_2_6_11_2
e_1_2_6_16_2
e_1_2_6_17_2
e_1_2_6_14_2
e_1_2_6_15_2
e_1_2_6_20_2
e_1_2_6_8_2
e_1_2_6_7_2
e_1_2_6_9_2
e_1_2_6_29_2
e_1_2_6_4_2
e_1_2_6_3_2
e_1_2_6_6_2
e_1_2_6_5_2
e_1_2_6_24_2
e_1_2_6_23_2
e_1_2_6_2_2
e_1_2_6_1_2
e_1_2_6_21_2
e_1_2_6_28_2
e_1_2_6_27_2
e_1_2_6_26_2
e_1_2_6_25_2
References_xml – volume: 877
  start-page: 1077
  issue: 11-12
  year: 2009
  end-page: 1083
  ident: 15
  article-title: Isocratic rapid liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of carotenoids, retinol, and tocopherols in human serum
  publication-title:
– volume: 378
  start-page: 987
  issue: 4
  year: 2004
  end-page: 994
  ident: 12
  article-title: Development of a simplified method for the simultaneous determination of retinol, -tocopherol, and -carotene in serum by liquid chromatography—tandem mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization
  publication-title:
– volume: 803
  start-page: 249
  issue: 2
  year: 2004
  end-page: 255
  ident: 16
  article-title: Liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of different lipid-soluble antioxidants in human plasma and low-density lipoproteins
  publication-title:
– volume: 276
  start-page: 75
  issue: 1
  year: 1998
  end-page: 87
  ident: 18
  article-title: The stability of retinol, -tocopherol, -lycopene, and - -carotene in liquid-frozen and lyophilized serum
  publication-title:
– volume: 40
  start-page: 411
  issue: 3
  year: 1994
  end-page: 416
  ident: 20
  article-title: Retinol, -tocopherol, lutein/zeaxanthin, -cryptoxanthin, lycopene, -carotene, - -carotene, and four retinyl esters in serum determined simultaneously by reversed-phase HPLC with multiwavelength detection
  publication-title:
– volume: 45
  start-page: 925
  issue: 8
  year: 2011
  end-page: 940
  ident: 8
  article-title: Antioxidant and anti-proliferative properties of lycopene
  publication-title:
– volume: 88
  start-page: 747
  issue: 3
  year: 2008
  end-page: 754
  ident: 5
  article-title: Associations of plasma carotenoids with risk factors and biomarkers related to cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and older women
  publication-title:
– volume: 29
  start-page: 1042
  issue: 5
  year: 2008
  end-page: 1048
  ident: 4
  article-title: Plasma levels of carotenoids, retinol and tocopherol and the risk of gastric cancer in Japan: a nested case-control study
  publication-title:
– volume: 99
  start-page: 1293
  issue: 6
  year: 2008
  end-page: 1300
  ident: 27
  article-title: Long-term strict raw food diet is associated with favourable plasma -carotene and low plasma lycopene concentrations in germans
  publication-title:
– volume: 135
  start-page: 1529
  issue: 12
  year: 2011
  end-page: 1530
  ident: 17
  article-title: Stability of serum carotene at various light and temperature conditions
  publication-title:
– volume: 125
  start-page: 1569
  issue: 6
  year: 1995
  end-page: 1577
  ident: 22
  article-title: Comparative absorption and transport of five common carotenoids in preruminant calves
  publication-title:
– volume: 51
  start-page: 2145
  issue: 11
  year: 2005
  end-page: 2150
  ident: 28
  article-title: Biological variation of vitamins in blood of healthy individuals
  publication-title:
– volume: 1216
  start-page: 3131
  issue: 15
  year: 2009
  end-page: 3137
  ident: 2
  article-title: Comprehensive high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the measurements of lipophilic antioxidants in human plasma
  publication-title:
– volume: 84
  start-page: 1381
  issue: 4
  year: 2004
  end-page: 1478
  ident: 6
  article-title: Role of oxidative modifications in atherosclerosis
  publication-title:
– volume: 85
  start-page: 227
  issue: 2
  year: 2001
  end-page: 238
  ident: 29
  article-title: Serum concentrations of carotenoids and vitamins A, E, and C in control subjects from five european countries
  publication-title:
– volume: 381
  start-page: 129
  issue: 1
  year: 2008
  end-page: 134
  ident: 14
  article-title: Development of a high-performance liquid chromatography-based assay for carotenoids in human red blood cells: application to clinical studies
  publication-title:
– volume: 16
  start-page: 351
  issue: 3
  year: 2009
  end-page: 357
  ident: 26
  article-title: Relationship between plasma antioxidant concentrations and carotid intima-media thickness: the asymptomatic carotid atherosclerotic disease in manfredonia study
  publication-title:
– volume: 115
  start-page: 2082
  issue: 9
  year: 2011
  end-page: 2089
  ident: 10
  article-title: Direct observation of the -carotene reaction with hydroxyl radical
  publication-title:
– volume: 232
  start-page: 210
  issue: 2
  year: 1995
  end-page: 216
  ident: 21
  article-title: Monitoring of ubiquinol-10, ubiquinone-10, carotenoids, and tocopherols in neonatal plasma microsamples using high-performance liquid chromatography with coulometric electrochemical detection
  publication-title:
– volume: 838
  start-page: 44
  issue: 1
  year: 2006
  end-page: 49
  ident: 1
  article-title: Determination of lycopene and -carotene by high-performance liquid chromatography using sudan I as internal standard
  publication-title:
– volume: 33
  start-page: 1585
  issue: 9
  year: 1987
  end-page: 1592
  ident: 13
  article-title: Determination of retinol, alpha-tocopherol, and beta-carotene in serum by liquid chromatography with absorbance and electrochemical detection
  publication-title:
– volume: 270
  start-page: 85
  issue: 2
  year: 1998
  end-page: 100
  ident: 24
  article-title: A routine method for the simultaneous measurement of retinol, -tocopherol and five carotenoids in human plasma by reverse phase HPLC
  publication-title:
– volume: 13
  start-page: 2
  issue: 1
  year: 2002
  end-page: 20
  ident: 3
  article-title: Does lack of tocopherols and tocotrienols put women at increased risk of breast cancer?
  publication-title:
– volume: 11
  issue: 6
  year: 2006
  ident: 9
  article-title: Lycopene is more potent than beta carotene in the neutralization of singlet oxygen: role of energy transfer probed by ultrafast raman spectroscopy
  publication-title:
– volume: 213
  start-page: 175
  year: 1992
  end-page: 185
  ident: 19
  article-title: Stability of -carotene under different laboratory conditions
  publication-title:
– volume: 55
  start-page: 163
  issue: 4
  year: 2007
  end-page: 167
  ident: 25
  article-title: Elevated lipid peroxidation biomarkers and low antioxidant status in atherosclerotic patients with increased carotid or iliofemoral intima media thickness
  publication-title:
– volume: 123
  start-page: 63
  issue: 1
  year: 2003
  end-page: 75
  ident: 7
  article-title: Comparative study on the action of tocopherols and tocotrienols as antioxidant: chemical and physical effects
  publication-title:
– volume: 7
  start-page: 31
  issue: 1-2
  year: 1998
  end-page: 40
  ident: 11
  article-title: Singlet oxygen scavenging by alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene: kinetic studies in phospholipid membranes and ethanol solution
  publication-title:
– volume: 12
  start-page: 89
  issue: 2
  year: 1998
  end-page: 93
  ident: 23
  article-title: Determination of retinol, tocopherol, - and -carotene by direct extraction of human serum using high performance liquid chromatography
  publication-title:
– ident: e_1_2_6_26_2
  doi: 10.1097/HJR.0b013e328325d807
– ident: e_1_2_6_24_2
  doi: 10.1016/S0009-8981(97)00224-6
– ident: e_1_2_6_4_2
  doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgn072
– ident: e_1_2_6_9_2
  doi: 10.1117/1.2398884
– ident: e_1_2_6_10_2
  doi: 10.1021/jp1100889
– ident: e_1_2_6_28_2
  doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2005.056374
– ident: e_1_2_6_23_2
  doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0801(199803/04)12:2<89::AID-BMC732>3.0.CO;2-0
– ident: e_1_2_6_15_2
  doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.02.051
– ident: e_1_2_6_12_2
  doi: 10.1007/s00216-003-2288-0
– ident: e_1_2_6_13_2
  doi: 10.1093/clinchem/33.9.1585
– ident: e_1_2_6_1_2
  doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.04.004
– ident: e_1_2_6_5_2
  doi: 10.1093/ajcn/88.3.747
– ident: e_1_2_6_19_2
  doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(92)13120-M
– ident: e_1_2_6_7_2
  doi: 10.1016/S0009-3084(02)00164-0
– ident: e_1_2_6_25_2
  doi: 10.2310/6650.2007.06043
– ident: e_1_2_6_29_2
  doi: 10.1079/BJN2000248
– ident: e_1_2_6_17_2
  doi: 10.5858/arpa.2011-0426-LE
– ident: e_1_2_6_8_2
  doi: 10.3109/10715762.2011.564168
– ident: e_1_2_6_27_2
  doi: 10.1017/S0007114507868486
– ident: e_1_2_6_16_2
  doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.12.025
– volume: 125
  start-page: 1569
  year: 1995
  ident: e_1_2_6_22_2
  article-title: Comparative absorption and transport of five common carotenoids in preruminant calves
  publication-title: Journal of Nutrition
  contributor:
    fullname: Bierer T. L.
– ident: e_1_2_6_21_2
  doi: 10.1006/abio.1995.0009
– ident: e_1_2_6_20_2
  doi: 10.1093/clinchem/40.3.411
– ident: e_1_2_6_6_2
  doi: 10.1152/physrev.00047.2003
– ident: e_1_2_6_2_2
  doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.01.101
– ident: e_1_2_6_11_2
  doi: 10.1002/biof.5520070106
– ident: e_1_2_6_14_2
  doi: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.06.038
– ident: e_1_2_6_3_2
  doi: 10.1016/S0955-2863(01)00207-8
– ident: e_1_2_6_18_2
  doi: 10.1016/S0009-8981(98)00103-X
SSID ssj0000883527
Score 2.0080638
Snippet A method is described here for the simultaneous determination of retinol, α-tocopherol, lycopene, and β-carotene in human plasma. The effectiveness of various...
A method is described here for the simultaneous determination of retinol, α ‐tocopherol, lycopene, and β ‐carotene in human plasma. The effectiveness of...
SourceID doaj
crossref
hindawi
emarefa
SourceType Open Website
Aggregation Database
Publisher
StartPage 1
Title Determination of Retinol, α-Tocopherol, Lycopene, and β-Carotene in Human Plasma Using HPLC with UV-Vis Detection : Application to a Clinical Study
URI https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-473281
https://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/460242
https://doaj.org/article/bfd02a19caf947f5a9fed1e7500491dc
Volume 2013
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://sdu.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3NTtwwELYKUgWXqi0gtrTVSOVIRGzHm7g3uoD2gCpUFsQtGv-JlZakKosQ78GL0Afhmepxslt6aS89OoocyzPyN58z8w1juyqiKFqMkZsz1MLMUyP3AjPEwK3gzjtPhcLjs_LrZXV4RDI5y1ZflBPWyQN3G7dvgssFcm0x6KIMCnXwjvsIdDG25c6m0zcfPiNT6QyuKLKgWmmR6zzTEYj74ryIn5Hwc7lfDAme_oCjpNqfSnMxjiNUvbwiYnw3fQY5x6_Zqz5WhINujW_YC9-8ZWujRYu2DfZwuEhmoe2FNsA3qmBuZ3vw9JhNWptEA2h4ck_VJ43fA2wcPP3MKNEjhssepg2ki3w4jXH0NULKIYDx6ckI6I4Wzi-yi-kN0JdSCcRnOPj9zxvmLSD02qIzoKTE-002OT6ajMZZ32Yhs1LLeVagscOCV6UIwiitwpAUZKS2TlZG5E4bG2mV0qh1oUopHJbCYilNGa2gUG6x1aZt_DaDyH5EqCx3pbKFz9FIaZWN9FsbdN6GAdtdbHb9vRPTqBMJUaomm9SdTQbsCxli-QopYKcH0S_q3i_qf_nFgG31ZlzOU5AwER-wT71V_7aGd_9jDTtsXaTuGXRj856tzn_c-g9s5cbdfkzu-guWF-2X
link.rule.ids 315,782,786,866,879,2106,27933,27934
linkProvider Directory of Open Access Journals
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Determination+of+Retinol%2C+%CE%B1-Tocopherol%2C+Lycopene%2C+and+%CE%B2-Carotene+in+Human+Plasma+Using+HPLC+with+UV-Vis+Detection%3A+Application+to+a+Clinical+Study&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chemistry&rft.au=Kand%E2%80%99%C3%A1r%2C+Roman&rft.au=Novotn%C3%A1%2C+Pavla&rft.au=Dr%C3%A1bkov%C3%A1%2C+Petra&rft.date=2013-01-01&rft.pub=Hindawi+Publishing+Corporation&rft.issn=2090-9063&rft.eissn=2090-9071&rft.volume=2013&rft_id=info:doi/10.1155%2F2013%2F460242&rft.externalDocID=10_1155_2013_460242
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2090-9063&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2090-9063&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2090-9063&client=summon