Clustering of haemostatic variables and the effect of high cashew and walnut diets on these variables in metabolic syndrome patients

• Published in: Blood coagulation & fibrinolysis Vol. 16; no. 6; pp. 429 - 437
• Main Authors: Pieters, Marlien, Oosthuizen, Welma, Jerling, Johann C, Loots, Du Toit, Mukuddem-Petersen, Janine, Hanekom, Susanna M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Philadelphia, PA Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc 01-09-2005; The Scientist
• Subjects: Anacardium; Biological and medical sciences; Blood Coagulation Factors - analysis; Blood coagulation. Blood cells; Cholesterol, HDL - blood; Female; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Hematologic and hematopoietic diseases; Hemostasis; Humans; Juglans; Male; Medical sciences; Metabolic Syndrome - blood; Metabolic Syndrome - diet therapy; Middle Aged; Molecular and cellular biology; Nuts; Platelet diseases and coagulopathies; Weight Loss; Endocrinopathy; Pancreatic hormone; Anacardium occidentale; Cardiovascular disease; Epidemiology; Hemostasis; X Syndrome; Dicotyledones; haemostasis; Angiospermae; walnuts; insulin resistance; Anacardiaceae; Human; Nutrition; Metabolic diseases; Coronary heart disease; Insulin; Feeding; metabolic syndrome; Target tissue resistance; Walnut; Diet; Risk factor; coronary heart disease risk factors; Spermatophyta; cashews; clustering
• ISSN: 0957-5235; 1473-5733
• DOI: 10.1097/01.mbc.0000174966.86549.27

We investigated the effect of a high walnut and cashew diet on haemostatic variables in people with the metabolic syndrome. Factor analysis was used to determine how the haemostatic variables cluster with other components of the metabolic syndrome and multiple regression to determine possible predictors. This randomized, control, parallel, controlled-feeding trial included 68 subjects who complied with the Third National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol criteria. After a 3-week run-in following the control diet, subjects were divided into three groups receiving either walnuts or cashews (20 energy%) or a control diet for 8 weeks. The nut intervention had no significant effect on von Willebrand factor antigen, fibrinogen, factor VII coagulant activity, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 activity, tissue plasminogen activator activity or thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor. Statistically, fibrinogen clustered with the body-mass-correlates and acute phase response factors, and factor VII coagulant activity clustered with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Tissue plasminogen activator activity, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 activity and von Willebrand factor antigen clustered into a separate endothelial function factor. HDL-C and markers of obesity were the strongest predictors of the haemostatic variables. We conclude that high walnut and cashew diets did not influence haemostatic factors in this group of metabolic syndrome subjects. The HDL-C increase and weight loss may be the main focus of dietary intervention for the metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, diet composition may have only limited effects if weight loss is not achieved.