Rosemary‐Mediated Green Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles and their Integration into Hydrogel Matrices: Evaluating Effects on Wheat Growth and Antibacterial Properties

• Published in: Global challenges Vol. 8; no. 11; pp. 2400120 - n/a
• Main Authors: Uysal, Yağmur, Görkem Doğaroğlu, Zeynep, Çaylali, Zehranur, Karakulak, Delil Sefkan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hoboken John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01-11-2024; John Wiley and Sons Inc; Wiley
• Subjects: Agricultural practices; antibacterial potential; Antimicrobial agents; Biocompatibility; Biosynthesis; Chemical synthesis; chlorophyll; E coli; Energy; Fourier transforms; Germination; Growth factors; Hydrogels; Infrared analysis; Infrared spectroscopy; Innovations; Metal oxides; Microorganisms; Nanocomposites; Nanoparticles; Performance evaluation; Plant breeding; Plant extracts; Plant growth; Polymers; Polyvinyl alcohol; Reducing agents; Rosemary; Rosmarinus; Seed germination; Toxicity; Wheat; Zinc oxide; Zinc oxides
• ISSN: 2056-6646; 2056-6646
• DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202400120

In this study, the impact of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO‐NPs) generated using rosemary extract, synthesized using environmentally friendly processes and integrated into a cross‐linked polymer matrix, on growth performance of wheat is evaluated. Rosemary extract used as coating, stabilizing, and reducing agents in this green synthesis method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses demonstrated the presence of phytochemical constituents of the plant extract that served as capping agents during the synthesis process. The nanoparticles are sprayed to the plant leaves. The effects of nanoparticles within the hydrogel on plant development are compared with the effects of nanoparticles in suspension. The percentage of seed germination is unaffected by either rosemary‐ or raw‐ZnO‐NPs; however, the root and shoot elongation are considerably impacted by the nanoparticle treatments. The threshold concentrations are determined as 3000 mg L−1 for rosemary‐ZnO‐NPs and 2000 mg L−1 for raw‐ZnO‐NPs. Additionally, antibacterial test results showed that the activity level on Escherichia coli is higher for rosemary‐ZnO‐NPs compared to raw‐ZnO‐NPs. The results of this research may provide guidance on how green synthesis methods and the use of nanoparticle‐hydrogel composites in plant breeding can be used in future agricultural applications. This can be considered an important step in terms of agricultural innovations and sustainability.
The effects of R‐ZnO‐NPs (rosemary plant extract mediated ZnO‐NPs), and Raw‐ZnO‐NPs by foliar and soil applications (their hydrogel forms) on the growth parameters of wheat seedlings are investigated. The growth parameters do not different from the control for foliar and hydrogel treatment. The plant biomass and Zn uptake by wheat is higher than control. Antibacterial tests on E. coli and S. aureus showed that gram‐negative strains are more sensitive to R‐ZnO‐NPs than gram‐positive.