Addressing Antimicrobial Resistance: An Overview of Priority Actions to Prevent Suboptimal Antimicrobial Use in Food-Animal Production
The growing concern regarding emergence of bacteria resistant to antimicrobials and their potential for transmission to humans via animal production has led various authorities worldwide to implement measures to decrease antimicrobial use (AMU) in livestock production. These measures are influenced...
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| Published in: | Frontiers in microbiology Vol. 7; p. 2114 |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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06-01-2017
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| Abstract | The growing concern regarding emergence of bacteria resistant to antimicrobials and their potential for transmission to humans via animal production has led various authorities worldwide to implement measures to decrease antimicrobial use (AMU) in livestock production. These measures are influenced by those implemented in human medicine, and emphasize the importance of antimicrobial stewardship, surveillance, infection prevention and control and research. In food producing animals, unlike human medicine, antimicrobials are used to control diseases which cause economic losses. This major difference may explain the failure of the public policies implemented to control antimicrobial usage. Here we first review the specific factors influencing AMU across the farm animal sector and highlighting the farmers' decision-making process of AMU. We then discuss the efficiency of existing regulations implemented by policy makers, and assess the need for alternative strategies, such as substitution between antimicrobials and other measures for infectious disease control. We also discuss the interests of regulating antimicrobial prices. Finally, we emphasize the value of optimizing antimicrobial regimens, and developing veterinary precision medicine to achieve clinical efficacy in animals while limiting negative impacts on public health. The fight against antimicrobial resistance requires both a reduction and an optimization of antimicrobial consumption. The set of actions currently implemented by policy makers does not adequately address the economic interests of farmers' use of antimicrobials. |
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| AbstractList | The growing concern regarding emergence of bacteria resistant to antimicrobials and their potential for transmission to humans via animal production has led various authorities worldwide to implement measures to decrease antimicrobial use (AMU) in livestock production. These measures are influenced by those implemented in human medicine, and emphasize the importance of antimicrobial stewardship, surveillance, infection prevention and control and research. In food producing animals, unlike human medicine, antimicrobials are used to control diseases which cause economic losses. This major difference may explain the failure of the public policies implemented to control antimicrobial usage. Here we first review the specific factors influencing AMU across the farm animal sector and highlighting the farmers' decision-making process of AMU. We then discuss the efficiency of existing regulations implemented by policy makers, and assess the need for alternative strategies, such as substitution between antimicrobials and other measures for infectious disease control. We also discuss the interests of regulating antimicrobial prices. Finally, we emphasize the value of optimizing antimicrobial regimens, and developing veterinary precision medicine to achieve clinical efficacy in animals while limiting negative impacts on public health. The fight against antimicrobial resistance requires both a reduction and an optimization of antimicrobial consumption. The set of actions currently implemented by policy makers does not adequately address the economic interests of farmers' use of antimicrobials. |
| Author | Gröhn, Yrjö T Raboisson, Didier Lhermie, Guillaume |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 BioEpar, Oniris, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) Nantes, France 1 Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA 3 Interactions Hôtes Agents Pathogènes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) – Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire Toulouse, Université de Toulouse Toulouse, France |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA – name: 3 Interactions Hôtes Agents Pathogènes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) – Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire Toulouse, Université de Toulouse Toulouse, France – name: 2 BioEpar, Oniris, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) Nantes, France |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Guillaume surname: Lhermie fullname: Lhermie, Guillaume organization: Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, IthacaNY, USA; BioEpar, Oniris, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)Nantes, France – sequence: 2 givenname: Yrjö T surname: Gröhn fullname: Gröhn, Yrjö T organization: Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Didier surname: Raboisson fullname: Raboisson, Didier organization: Interactions Hôtes Agents Pathogènes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) - Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire Toulouse, Université de Toulouse Toulouse, France |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Attribution Copyright © 2017 Lhermie, Gröhn and Raboisson. 2017 Lhermie, Gröhn and Raboisson |
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| Keywords | livestock production veterinary precision medicine antimicrobials agricultural economics antimicrobial resistance public policies |
| Language | English |
| License | Attribution: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-1 Edited by: Octavio Luiz Franco, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brazil Reviewed by: Catherine M. Logue, Iowa State University, USA; Joe Latimer, University of Salford, UK; Leandro Dos Santos Machado, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco (UCDB), Brazil This article was submitted to Antimicrobials, Resistance and Chemotherapy, a section of the journal Frontiers in Microbiology |
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