Intrinsic 2D-XY ferromagnetism in a van der Waals monolayer
The physics and universality scaling of phase transitions in low-dimensional systems has historically been a topic of great interest. Recently, two-dimensional (2D) materials exhibiting intriguing long-range magnetic order have been in the spotlight. Although an out-of-plane anisotropy has been show...
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| Published in: | Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) Vol. 374; no. 6567; pp. 616 - 620 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
United States
The American Association for the Advancement of Science
29-10-2021
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| Abstract | The physics and universality scaling of phase transitions in low-dimensional systems has historically been a topic of great interest. Recently, two-dimensional (2D) materials exhibiting intriguing long-range magnetic order have been in the spotlight. Although an out-of-plane anisotropy has been shown to stabilize 2D magnetic order, the demonstration of a 2D magnet with in-plane rotational symmetry has remained elusive. We constructed a nearly ideal easy-plane system, a single CrCl
monolayer on graphene/6H-SiC(0001), and observed robust ferromagnetic ordering with critical scaling characteristic of a 2D-XY system. These observations indicate the realization of a finite-size Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition in a large-area, quasi–free-standing van der Waals monolayer magnet with an XY universality class. This offers a material platform to host 2D superfluid spin transport and topological magnetic textures. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | The recent discovery of magnetism in two-dimensional (2D) materials has inspired efforts to understand its nature. Whereas the magnetism of monolayers of chromium iodide (CrI
3
) can be understood in terms of out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy, the related material chromium chloride (CrCl
3
) has spins that lie in the plane. Bedoya-Pinto
et al
. used molecular beam epitaxy to grow monolayers of CrCl
3
on graphene and studied its magnetic properties. Using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements, the authors found that monolayer CrCl
3
is a ferromagnet, unlike bulk CrCl
3
, which is antiferromagnetic. The scaling of the signal in the critical region indicated that the material belongs to the 2D-XY universality class, distinct from Ising magnetism, which some other 2D magnets exhibit. —JS
x-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements indicate ferromagnetism in monolayer CrCl
3
grown on graphene.
The physics and universality scaling of phase transitions in low-dimensional systems has historically been a topic of great interest. Recently, two-dimensional (2D) materials exhibiting intriguing long-range magnetic order have been in the spotlight. Although an out-of-plane anisotropy has been shown to stabilize 2D magnetic order, the demonstration of a 2D magnet with in-plane rotational symmetry has remained elusive. We constructed a nearly ideal easy-plane system, a single CrCl
3
monolayer on graphene/6H-SiC(0001), and observed robust ferromagnetic ordering with critical scaling characteristic of a 2D-XY system. These observations indicate the realization of a finite-size Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition in a large-area, quasi–free-standing van der Waals monolayer magnet with an XY universality class. This offers a material platform to host 2D superfluid spin transport and topological magnetic textures. Taking the measure of a magnetThe recent discovery of magnetism in two-dimensional (2D) materials has inspired efforts to understand its nature. Whereas the magnetism of monolayers of chromium iodide (CrI3) can be understood in terms of out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy, the related material chromium chloride (CrCl3) has spins that lie in the plane. Bedoya-Pinto et al. used molecular beam epitaxy to grow monolayers of CrCl3 on graphene and studied its magnetic properties. Using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements, the authors found that monolayer CrCl3 is a ferromagnet, unlike bulk CrCl3, which is antiferromagnetic. The scaling of the signal in the critical region indicated that the material belongs to the 2D-XY universality class, distinct from Ising magnetism, which some other 2D magnets exhibit. —JSThe physics and universality scaling of phase transitions in low-dimensional systems has historically been a topic of great interest. Recently, two-dimensional (2D) materials exhibiting intriguing long-range magnetic order have been in the spotlight. Although an out-of-plane anisotropy has been shown to stabilize 2D magnetic order, the demonstration of a 2D magnet with in-plane rotational symmetry has remained elusive. We constructed a nearly ideal easy-plane system, a single CrCl3 monolayer on graphene/6H-SiC(0001), and observed robust ferromagnetic ordering with critical scaling characteristic of a 2D-XY system. These observations indicate the realization of a finite-size Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition in a large-area, quasi–free-standing van der Waals monolayer magnet with an XY universality class. This offers a material platform to host 2D superfluid spin transport and topological magnetic textures. The physics and universality scaling of phase transitions in low-dimensional systems has historically been a topic of great interest. Recently, two-dimensional (2D) materials exhibiting intriguing long-range magnetic order have been in the spotlight. Although an out-of-plane anisotropy has been shown to stabilize 2D magnetic order, the demonstration of a 2D magnet with in-plane rotational symmetry has remained elusive. We constructed a nearly ideal easy-plane system, a single CrCl monolayer on graphene/6H-SiC(0001), and observed robust ferromagnetic ordering with critical scaling characteristic of a 2D-XY system. These observations indicate the realization of a finite-size Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition in a large-area, quasi–free-standing van der Waals monolayer magnet with an XY universality class. This offers a material platform to host 2D superfluid spin transport and topological magnetic textures. |
| Author | Parkin, Stuart S P Bedoya-Pinto, Amilcar Ji, Jing-Rong Gargiani, Pierluigi Pandeya, Avanindra K Radu, Florin Sessi, Paolo Taylor, James M Valvidares, Manuel Chang, Kai |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Amilcar orcidid: 0000-0001-5449-3179 surname: Bedoya-Pinto fullname: Bedoya-Pinto, Amilcar organization: NISE Department, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany – sequence: 2 givenname: Jing-Rong orcidid: 0000-0003-2398-712X surname: Ji fullname: Ji, Jing-Rong organization: NISE Department, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany – sequence: 3 givenname: Avanindra K orcidid: 0000-0002-7160-5934 surname: Pandeya fullname: Pandeya, Avanindra K organization: NISE Department, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany – sequence: 4 givenname: Pierluigi orcidid: 0000-0002-6649-0538 surname: Gargiani fullname: Gargiani, Pierluigi organization: ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Barcelona, Spain – sequence: 5 givenname: Manuel orcidid: 0000-0003-4895-8114 surname: Valvidares fullname: Valvidares, Manuel organization: ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Barcelona, Spain – sequence: 6 givenname: Paolo orcidid: 0000-0003-1261-0386 surname: Sessi fullname: Sessi, Paolo organization: NISE Department, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany – sequence: 7 givenname: James M orcidid: 0000-0001-5274-8545 surname: Taylor fullname: Taylor, James M organization: Helmholtz-Zentrum für Materialien und Energie, Berlin, Germany – sequence: 8 givenname: Florin orcidid: 0000-0003-0284-7937 surname: Radu fullname: Radu, Florin organization: Helmholtz-Zentrum für Materialien und Energie, Berlin, Germany – sequence: 9 givenname: Kai orcidid: 0000-0002-4965-4537 surname: Chang fullname: Chang, Kai organization: NISE Department, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany – sequence: 10 givenname: Stuart S P orcidid: 0000-0003-4702-6139 surname: Parkin fullname: Parkin, Stuart S P organization: NISE Department, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34709893$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Copyright © 2021 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works |
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| DOI | 10.1126/science.abd5146 |
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| Snippet | The physics and universality scaling of phase transitions in low-dimensional systems has historically been a topic of great interest. Recently, two-dimensional... The recent discovery of magnetism in two-dimensional (2D) materials has inspired efforts to understand its nature. Whereas the magnetism of monolayers of... Taking the measure of a magnetThe recent discovery of magnetism in two-dimensional (2D) materials has inspired efforts to understand its nature. Whereas the... |
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| SubjectTerms | Anisotropy Antiferromagnetism Chromium Circular dichroism Dichroism Epitaxial growth Ferromagnetism Fluids Graphene Iodides Ising model Magnetic anisotropy Magnetic properties Magnetism Magnets Molecular beam epitaxy Monolayers Phase transitions Scaling Silicon carbide Superfluidity Two dimensional materials |
| Title | Intrinsic 2D-XY ferromagnetism in a van der Waals monolayer |
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