Hydrodynamic Zone of Influence Due to a Floating Structure in a Fjordal Estuary—Hood Canal Bridge Impact Assessment

• Published in: Journal of marine science and engineering Vol. 6; no. 4; p. 119
• Main Authors: Khangaonkar, Tarang, Nugraha, Adi, Wang, Taiping
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 15-10-2018; MDPI
• Subjects: anthropogenic impact; Background levels; Barges; Biogeochemistry; Canals; circulation; Data collection; ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; Estuaries; Estuarine dynamics; Finite-Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM); Fish; Fjords; floating bridge; Floating bridges; Floating structures; Fluid mechanics; Hood Canal; Hydrodynamics; Hypoxia; Juveniles; Mortality; Near fields; Outflow; Salinity; Salinity effects; Salish Sea; Salish Sea model; Surface layers; Temperature; Three dimensional models; zone of influence; Hood Canal; Puget Sound; Salish Sea; Pacific Northwest
• ISSN: 2077-1312; 2077-1312
• DOI: 10.3390/jmse6040119

Floating structures such as barges and ships affect near-field hydrodynamics and create a zone of influence (ZOI). Extent of the ZOI is of particular interest due to potential obstruction to and impact on out-migrating juvenile fish. Here, we present an assessment of ZOI from Hood Canal (Floating) Bridge, located within the 110-km-long fjord-like Hood Canal sub-basin in the Salish Sea, Washington. A field data collection program allowed near-field validation of a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of Hood Canal with the floating bridge section embedded. The results confirm that Hood Canal Bridge, with a draft of 4.6 m covering ~85% of the width of Hood Canal, obstructs the brackish outflow surface layer. This induces increased local mixing near the bridge, causes pooling of water (up-current) during ebb and flood, and results in shadow/sheltering of water (down-current). The change in ambient currents, salinity, and temperature is highest at the bridge location and reduces to background levels with distance from the bridge. The ZOI extends ~20 m below the surface and varies from 2–3 km for currents, from 2–4 km for salinity, and from 2–5 km for temperature before the deviations with the bridge drop to <10% relative to simulated background conditions without the bridge present.