Hydroxyapatite-based cements induce different apatite formation in radicular dentin

• Published in: Dental materials Vol. 36; no. 1; pp. 167 - 178
• Main Authors: Toledano-Osorio, Manuel, Aguilera, Fátima S., Osorio, Raquel, Muñoz-Soto, Esther, Pérez-Álvarez, Mayra C., López-López, Modesto T., Lynch, Christopher D., Toledano, Manuel
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Inc 01-01-2020; Elsevier BV
• Subjects: Apatite; Apatites; Cements; Crystal lattices; Crystal structure; Crystallinity; Crystallites; Crystallography; Crystals; Dental cement; Dental Pulp Cavity; Dentin; Dentistry; Epoxy Resins; Grain orientation; Grain size; Gutta-Percha; Hydroxyapatite; Hydroxyapatites; Materials Testing; Mechanical properties; Microscopy; Minerals; Polycrystals; Remineralization; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root canals; Sealers; Sealing compounds; Sodium hydroxide; Stoichiometry; Surface Properties; TEM; Transmission electron microscopy; Ultrastructure; X-ray diffraction; XRD; Zinc; Zinc oxide; Dentin; Crystallinity; XRD; Microscopy; TEM; Remineralization
• ISSN: 0109-5641; 1879-0097
• DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.11.023

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•Root cervical dentin treated with HAp-based sealers produced amorphous mineralization.•Calcypatite on cervical dentin promoted low tissue maturation and crystallinity.•Root dentin treated with oxipatite improved both crystallinity and bioactivity.
To investigate crystallinity and ultrastructure of the formed hydroxyapatite at radicular cervical and apical dentin after being treated with three different canal sealers.
Cervical and apical root dentin surfaces were treated with two experimental hydroxyapatite-based sealers, containing sodium hydroxide (calcypatite) or zinc oxide (oxipatite) and an epoxy resin-based canal sealer (AH Plus); gutta-percha without sealer was included as control. Dentin surfaces were studied by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy through selected area diffraction and bright-field imaging after 24h and 12m of storage.
Root cervical dentin treated with calcypatite and oxipatite produced poor crystallinity of new minerals, wide amorphous phase and non-stoichiometry. Reflections at the 002 plane and the corresponding diffraction rings attained lower values in the Scherrer equation and the Scherrer-Wilson equation in samples treated with both HAp-based sealers than in specimens without sealer or with AH Plus. At root cervical dentin treated with calcypatite, shorter and wider crystallite size formations and lower crystals grain size were found, if compared to those encountered at oxipatite treated dentin. Oxipatite attained improved crystallographic atomic order and less structural variation in both distances and angles. Apical dentin treated with oxipatite attained preferred grain orientation with polycrystalline lattices.
The immature crystallites formed in dentin treated with calcypatite and oxipatite will account for high hydroxyapatite solubility and remineralizing activity. New polycrystalline formations encountered in apical dentin treated with oxipatite may also produce high mechanical performance.