The effect of six-month oral vitamin K supplementation on calcification propensity time in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A post hoc analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

• Published in: Atherosclerosis Vol. 394; p. 117307
• Main Authors: Meer, R., Romero Prats, M.L., Vervloet, M.G., van der Schouw, Y.T., de Jong, P.A., Beulens, J.W.J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Ireland Elsevier B.V 01-07-2024
• Subjects: Administration, Oral; Aged; Arterial calcification; Biomarkers - blood; Cardiovascular disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - diagnosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - drug therapy; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Randomized controlled trial; Serum calcification propensity; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Vascular Calcification - blood; Vascular Calcification - diagnostic imaging; Vascular Calcification - drug therapy; Vascular Calcification - prevention & control; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 2 - administration & dosage; Vitamin K 2 - analogs & derivatives; Vitamin K 2 - therapeutic use; Serum calcification propensity; Cardiovascular disease; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Randomized controlled trial; Arterial calcification; Vitamin K
• ISSN: 0021-9150; 1879-1484; 1879-1484
• DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117307

Experimental studies suggested that vitamin K supplementation may retard arterial calcification. Recently, serum calcification propensity time (T50) has been suggested as a functional biomarker for arterial wall calcification propensity. In this post-hoc analysis of a clinical trial, we evaluated the effect of six-month oral vitamin K supplementation on T50 and assessed the correlation between T50 and imaging arterial calcification parameters in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial included 68 participants (age = 69 ± 8 years, 76% male) with T2DM. Participants were assigned to menaquinone-7 (360 μg/day; n = 35) or placebo (n = 33). T50 was measured via nephelometry in serum collected at baseline, three and six months. Arterial calcification was measured at baseline and six months via 18F–Na PET-CT and conventional CT using Target-to-Background ratio (TBR) and Agatston score. Longitudinal analysis of covariance adjusted for baseline T50 was used to study the treatment effect. Spearman's correlation was used to assess the correlation between T50 and imaging calcification parameters.
Median baseline T50 was similar in the vitamin K (350 [321–394] minutes) and placebo groups (363 [320–398]). There was no significant difference in T50 between treatment arms over time (ẞ = 1.00, 95%C.I. = 0.94–1.07, p = 0.982). The correlation coefficient of T50 with TBR and Agatston score at baseline were −0.185 (p = 0.156) and −0.121 (p = 0.358), respectively.
No effect of vitamin K supplementation on T50 was observed in T2DM. Moreover, T50 did not correlate with TBR and Agatston score. Further research on vitamin K in arterial calcification and on the validity of T50 as arterial calcification marker is warranted.
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•Vitamin K did not improve serum calcification propensity time in type 2 diabetes.•Serum calcium propensity time did not correlate with PET-CT and CT parameters.•Further research on the role of vitamin K in arterial calcification is warranted.•New research on the validity of T50 as measure of arterial calcification is needed.