The Changes in Canine Parvovirus Variants over the Years

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 23; no. 19; p. 11540
• Main Authors: Hao, Xiangqi, Li, Yanchao, Xiao, Xiangyu, Chen, Bo, Zhou, Pei, Li, Shoujun
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 29-09-2022; MDPI
• Subjects: amino acid mutation; Amino acids; canine parvovirus; Epidemics; Evolution; Genomes; Infectious diseases; Mutation; Parvoviruses; Proteins; Vaccines; variants; South America; Asia; China; Europe; Africa; Italy; North America; Oceania
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911540

Canine parvovirus (CPV-2) is one of the most important pathogens in dogs, and despite the continual development of vaccines against CPV-2, CPV-2 is still circulating in the canine population. The CPV-2a/2b/2c variant has replaced the original CPV-2 virus and seems to exhibit accelerated transmission. Although CPV-2 infection has been frequently reported, no studies have summarized information of CPV-2 variants currently circulating worldwide. To track the evolution of CPV-2, we downloaded and analyzed all VP2 sequences from the NCBI database (from 1978 to 2022). We found that CPV-2c shows a tendency to replace CPV-2a as the new dominant variant in Asia, South America, North America and Africa. Additionally, CPV-2c, which is prevalent in most regions of Asia, carries two special mutations in VP2, A5G and Q370R, and has become a dominant mutation with spillover already occurring. In conclusion, this summary of the types of global epidemic variants provides new insight into the evolution of CPV-2 and raises awareness for blocking the spread of this virus. The spread of Asian-derived CPV-2c urgently needs to be further under surveillance.