Root growth dynamics and biomass input by Nordic annual field crops
Roots are an important sink for photoassimilates and carbon input to soil. Here the root growth and biomass of different spring sown annuals was determined to estimate the shoot:root (S:R) ratios and carbon inputs in the typical Nordic agroecosystem. The data, collected in southern Finland, present...
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| Published in: | Agriculture, ecosystems & environment Vol. 108; no. 2; pp. 135 - 144 |
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| Main Authors: | , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier B.V
15-06-2005
Elsevier Science |
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| Abstract | Roots are an important sink for photoassimilates and carbon input to soil. Here the root growth and biomass of different spring sown annuals was determined to estimate the shoot:root (S:R) ratios and carbon inputs in the typical Nordic agroecosystem. The data, collected in southern Finland, present evidence for large difference in root growth dynamics and biomass input between spring oilseed rape (
Brassica rapa L.) and annual ryegrass (
Lolium multiflorum Lam. var
. italicum) whereas the rooting of spring sown barley (
Hordeum vulgare) and oats (
Avena sativa) was related. The four crops were sown at the same time in a field with a fine sand soil (Eutric Cambisol) with good nutrient and water supply. During one growing season, root growth was determined 12 times to a soil depth of 50
cm by using a minirhizotron-micro-video camera technology. At anthesis, root biomass and morphological parameters were measured to 60
cm soil depth at 5
cm intervals, with destructive soil sampling and image analysis of washed roots. The root growth rate of oilseed rape was clearly faster and that of rye grass slower compared with the other crops. At anthesis, the average total root dry biomass (0–60
cm) was160
g for barley, 260
g for oats, 340
g for ryegrass, and 110
g
m
−3 for oilseed rape. Also, the root length density and surface area of oilseed rape was less than that of other crops. Most of the biomass (59–80%) was accumulated the upper 20
cm of the soil. Shoot to root ratios (at anthesis for the seed crops) of 7.1, 4.4, 4.2 and 2.5 for barley, oats, oilseed rape, and ryegrass respectively, could be used for an approximation to estimate the amount of root biomass left in the 0–60
cm soil layer under Nordic long day conditions. In contrast to the seed crops, the root growth rate and density of ryegrass was high in the late season. Thus, ryegrass would be an efficient catch crop after harvest of cereals. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Roots are an important sink for photoassimilates and carbon input to soil. Here the root growth and biomass of different spring sown annuals was determined to estimate the shoot:root (S:R) ratios and carbon inputs in the typical Nordic agroecosystem. The data, collected in southern Finland, present evidence for large difference in root growth dynamics and biomass input between spring oilseed rape (Brassica rapa L.) and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. var. italicum) whereas the rooting of spring sown barley (Hordeum vulgare) and oats (Avena sativa) was related. The four crops were sown at the same time in a field with a fine sand soil (Eutric Cambisol) with good nutrient and water supply. During one growing season, root growth was determined 12 times to a soil depth of 50 cm by using a minirhizotron-micro-video camera technology. At anthesis, root biomass and morphological parameters were measured to 60 cm soil depth at 5 cm intervals, with destructive soil sampling and image analysis of washed roots. The root growth rate of oilseed rape was clearly faster and that of rye grass slower compared with the other crops. At anthesis, the average total root dry biomass (0-60 cm) was160 g for barley, 260 g for oats, 340 g for ryegrass, and 110 g m super(-3) for oilseed rape. Also, the root length density and surface area of oilseed rape was less than that of other crops. Most of the biomass (59-80%) was accumulated the upper 20 cm of the soil. Shoot to root ratios (at anthesis for the seed crops) of 7.1, 4.4, 4.2 and 2.5 for barley, oats, oilseed rape, and ryegrass respectively, could be used for an approximation to estimate the amount of root biomass left in the 0-60 cm soil layer under Nordic long day conditions. In contrast to the seed crops, the root growth rate and density of ryegrass was high in the late season. Thus, ryegrass would be an efficient catch crop after harvest of cereals. Roots are an important sink for photoassimilates and carbon input to soil. Here the root growth and biomass of different spring sown annuals was determined to estimate the shoot:root (S:R) ratios and carbon inputs in the typical Nordic agroecosystem. The data, collected in southern Finland, present evidence for large difference in root growth dynamics and biomass input between spring oilseed rape (Brassica rapa L.) and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. var. italicum) whereas the rooting of spring sown barley (Hordeum vulgare) and oats (Avena sativa) was related. The four crops were sown at the same time in a field with a fine sand soil (Eutric Cambisol) with good nutrient and water supply. During one growing season, root growth was determined 12 times to a soil depth of 50 cm by using a minirhizotron-micro-video camera technology. At anthesis, root biomass and morphological parameters were measured to 60 cm soil depth at 5 cm intervals, with destructive soil sampling and image analysis of washed roots. The root growth rate of oilseed rape was clearly faster and that of rye grass slower compared with the other crops. At anthesis, the average total root dry biomass (0-60 cm) was 160 g for barley, 260 g for oats, 340 g for ryegrass, and 110 g m-3 for oilseed rape. Also, the root length density and surface area of oilseed rape was less than that of other crops. Most of the biomass (59-80%) was accumulated the upper 20 cm of the soil. Shoot to root ratios (at anthesis for the seed crops) of 7.1, 4.4, 4.2 and 2.5 for barley, oats, oilseed rape, and ryegrass respectively, could be used for an approximation to estimate the amount of root biomass left in the 0-60 cm soil layer under Nordic long day conditions. In contrast to the seed crops, the root growth rate and density of ryegrass was high in the late season. Thus, ryegrass would be an efficient catch crop after harvest of cereals. Roots are an important sink for photoassimilates and carbon input to soil. Here the root growth and biomass of different spring sown annuals was determined to estimate the shoot:root (S:R) ratios and carbon inputs in the typical Nordic agroecosystem. The data, collected in southern Finland, present evidence for large difference in root growth dynamics and biomass input between spring oilseed rape ( Brassica rapa L.) and annual ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum Lam. var . italicum) whereas the rooting of spring sown barley ( Hordeum vulgare) and oats ( Avena sativa) was related. The four crops were sown at the same time in a field with a fine sand soil (Eutric Cambisol) with good nutrient and water supply. During one growing season, root growth was determined 12 times to a soil depth of 50 cm by using a minirhizotron-micro-video camera technology. At anthesis, root biomass and morphological parameters were measured to 60 cm soil depth at 5 cm intervals, with destructive soil sampling and image analysis of washed roots. The root growth rate of oilseed rape was clearly faster and that of rye grass slower compared with the other crops. At anthesis, the average total root dry biomass (0–60 cm) was160 g for barley, 260 g for oats, 340 g for ryegrass, and 110 g m −3 for oilseed rape. Also, the root length density and surface area of oilseed rape was less than that of other crops. Most of the biomass (59–80%) was accumulated the upper 20 cm of the soil. Shoot to root ratios (at anthesis for the seed crops) of 7.1, 4.4, 4.2 and 2.5 for barley, oats, oilseed rape, and ryegrass respectively, could be used for an approximation to estimate the amount of root biomass left in the 0–60 cm soil layer under Nordic long day conditions. In contrast to the seed crops, the root growth rate and density of ryegrass was high in the late season. Thus, ryegrass would be an efficient catch crop after harvest of cereals. |
| Author | Pietola, Liisa Alakukku, Laura |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Liisa surname: Pietola fullname: Pietola, Liisa email: liisa.pietola@helsinki.fi organization: University of Helsinki, Department Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, P.O. Box 27, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland – sequence: 2 givenname: Laura surname: Alakukku fullname: Alakukku, Laura organization: MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Environmental Research, Soils and Environment, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland |
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| Keywords | Avena sativa Root biomass Root surface area Brassica rapa Minirhizotron Hordeum vulgare Lolium multiflorum Shoot:root Root width Root length density Monocotyledones Brassica napus var. oleifera Growth Water supply Sandy soil Biomass Cruciferae Gramineae Dicotyledones Angiospermae Cultivated plant Root Source sink relationship Agroecosystem Carbon cycle Nutrient Spermatophyta |
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| SubjectTerms | Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions assimilation (physiology) Avena sativa barley Biological and medical sciences biomass Brassica rapa carbon Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General agroecology General agroecology. Agricultural and farming systems. Agricultural development. Rural area planning. Landscaping General agronomy. Plant production Generalities. Agricultural and farming systems. Agricultural development Hordeum vulgare Lolium multiflorum Minirhizotron oats rapeseed Root biomass root growth Root length density Root surface area Root width roots Shoot:root shoots |
| Title | Root growth dynamics and biomass input by Nordic annual field crops |
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