Equal Maintenance of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels Induced by Heterologous and Homologous Regimens of the BNT162b2, ChAdOx1, CoronaVac and Ad26.COV2.S Vaccines: A Longitudinal Study Up to the 4th Dose of Booster
Several technological approaches have been used to develop vaccines against COVID-19, including those based on inactivated viruses, viral vectors, and mRNA. This study aimed to monitor the maintenance of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in individuals from Brazil according to the primary vaccination regim...
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| Published in: | Vaccines (Basel) Vol. 12; no. 7; p. 792 |
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| Abstract | Several technological approaches have been used to develop vaccines against COVID-19, including those based on inactivated viruses, viral vectors, and mRNA. This study aimed to monitor the maintenance of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in individuals from Brazil according to the primary vaccination regimen, as follows: BNT162b2 (group 1; 22) and ChAdOx1 (group 2; 18). Everyone received BNT162b2 in the first booster while in the second booster CoronaVac, Ad26.COV2.S, or BNT162b2. Blood samples were collected from 2021 to 2023 to analyze specific RBD (ELISA) and neutralizing antibodies (PRNT50). We observed a progressive increase in anti-RBD and neutralizing antibodies in each subsequent dose, remaining at high titers until the end of follow-up. Group 1 had higher anti-RBD antibody titers than group 2 after beginning the primary regimen, with significant differences after the 2nd and 3rd doses. Group 2 showed a more expressive increase after the first booster with BNT162B2 (heterologous booster). Group 2 also presented high levels of neutralizing antibodies against the Gamma and Delta variants until five months after the second booster. In conclusion, the circulating levels of anti-RBD and neutralizing antibodies against the two variants of SARS-CoV-2 were durable even five months after the 4th dose, suggesting that periodic booster vaccinations (homologous or heterologous) induced long-lasting immunity. |
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| AbstractList | Several technological approaches have been used to develop vaccines against COVID-19, including those based on inactivated viruses, viral vectors, and mRNA. This study aimed to monitor the maintenance of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in individuals from Brazil according to the primary vaccination regimen, as follows: BNT162b2 (group 1; 22) and ChAdOx1 (group 2; 18). Everyone received BNT162b2 in the first booster while in the second booster CoronaVac, Ad26.COV2.S, or BNT162b2. Blood samples were collected from 2021 to 2023 to analyze specific RBD (ELISA) and neutralizing antibodies (PRNT50). We observed a progressive increase in anti-RBD and neutralizing antibodies in each subsequent dose, remaining at high titers until the end of follow-up. Group 1 had higher anti-RBD antibody titers than group 2 after beginning the primary regimen, with significant differences after the 2nd and 3rd doses. Group 2 showed a more expressive increase after the first booster with BNT162B2 (heterologous booster). Group 2 also presented high levels of neutralizing antibodies against the Gamma and Delta variants until five months after the second booster. In conclusion, the circulating levels of anti-RBD and neutralizing antibodies against the two variants of SARS-CoV-2 were durable even five months after the 4th dose, suggesting that periodic booster vaccinations (homologous or heterologous) induced long-lasting immunity. Several technological approaches have been used to develop vaccines against COVID-19, including those based on inactivated viruses, viral vectors, and mRNA. This study aimed to monitor the maintenance of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in individuals from Brazil according to the primary vaccination regimen, as follows: BNT162b2 (group 1; 22) and ChAdOx1 (group 2; 18). Everyone received BNT162b2 in the first booster while in the second booster CoronaVac, Ad26.COV2.S, or BNT162b2. Blood samples were collected from 2021 to 2023 to analyze specific RBD (ELISA) and neutralizing antibodies (PRNT50). We observed a progressive increase in anti-RBD and neutralizing antibodies in each subsequent dose, remaining at high titers until the end of follow-up. Group 1 had higher anti-RBD antibody titers than group 2 after beginning the primary regimen, with significant differences after the 2nd and 3rd doses. Group 2 showed a more expressive increase after the first booster with BNT162B2 (heterologous booster). Group 2 also presented high levels of neutralizing antibodies against the Gamma and Delta variants until five months after the second booster. In conclusion, the circulating levels of anti-RBD and neutralizing antibodies against the two variants of SARS-CoV-2 were durable even five months after the 4th dose, suggesting that periodic booster vaccinations (homologous or heterologous) induced long-lasting immunity.Several technological approaches have been used to develop vaccines against COVID-19, including those based on inactivated viruses, viral vectors, and mRNA. This study aimed to monitor the maintenance of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in individuals from Brazil according to the primary vaccination regimen, as follows: BNT162b2 (group 1; 22) and ChAdOx1 (group 2; 18). Everyone received BNT162b2 in the first booster while in the second booster CoronaVac, Ad26.COV2.S, or BNT162b2. Blood samples were collected from 2021 to 2023 to analyze specific RBD (ELISA) and neutralizing antibodies (PRNT50). We observed a progressive increase in anti-RBD and neutralizing antibodies in each subsequent dose, remaining at high titers until the end of follow-up. Group 1 had higher anti-RBD antibody titers than group 2 after beginning the primary regimen, with significant differences after the 2nd and 3rd doses. Group 2 showed a more expressive increase after the first booster with BNT162B2 (heterologous booster). Group 2 also presented high levels of neutralizing antibodies against the Gamma and Delta variants until five months after the second booster. In conclusion, the circulating levels of anti-RBD and neutralizing antibodies against the two variants of SARS-CoV-2 were durable even five months after the 4th dose, suggesting that periodic booster vaccinations (homologous or heterologous) induced long-lasting immunity. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Chiang, Jannifer O de Sousa, Alana W Barbagelata, Luana S Silva, Franko A Azevedo, Raimunda S S das Chagas, Liliane L Watterson, Daniel Henriques, Daniele F Casseb, Lívia M N do Nascimento, Tatiana A Viana, Giselle M R da Penha Junior, Edvaldo T de Oliveira, Camille F Martins, Lívia C Neto, Walter F F Costa, Igor B Costa, Iran B da Silva, Carla P Freitas, Maria N O das Chagas Junior, Wanderley D Ribeiro, Ana Claudia S Carvalho, Valéria L Vasconcelos, Pedro F C Soares, Luana S Modhiran, Naphak Amarilla, Alberto A Nogami, Patricia Y |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Tatiana A surname: do Nascimento fullname: do Nascimento, Tatiana A organization: Graduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil – sequence: 2 givenname: Patricia Y surname: Nogami fullname: Nogami, Patricia Y organization: Department of Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil – sequence: 3 givenname: Camille F orcidid: 0000-0003-3859-0061 surname: de Oliveira fullname: de Oliveira, Camille F organization: Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil – sequence: 4 givenname: Walter F F surname: Neto fullname: Neto, Walter F F organization: Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil – sequence: 5 givenname: Carla P surname: da Silva fullname: da Silva, Carla P organization: Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil – sequence: 6 givenname: Ana Claudia S surname: Ribeiro fullname: Ribeiro, Ana Claudia S organization: Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil – sequence: 7 givenname: Alana W surname: de Sousa fullname: de Sousa, Alana W organization: Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil – sequence: 8 givenname: Maria N O orcidid: 0000-0002-5834-9649 surname: Freitas fullname: Freitas, Maria N O organization: Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil – sequence: 9 givenname: Jannifer O orcidid: 0000-0002-6667-2796 surname: Chiang fullname: Chiang, Jannifer O organization: Graduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil – sequence: 10 givenname: Franko A surname: Silva fullname: Silva, Franko A organization: Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil – sequence: 11 givenname: Liliane L surname: das Chagas fullname: das Chagas, Liliane L organization: Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil – sequence: 12 givenname: Valéria L orcidid: 0000-0001-8385-8253 surname: Carvalho fullname: Carvalho, Valéria L organization: Graduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil – sequence: 13 givenname: Raimunda S S orcidid: 0000-0003-1932-9976 surname: Azevedo fullname: Azevedo, Raimunda S S organization: Graduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil – sequence: 14 givenname: Pedro F C surname: Vasconcelos fullname: Vasconcelos, Pedro F C organization: Department of Biological and Health Sciences, University of Pará State, Belém 66087-670, Pará, Brazil – sequence: 15 givenname: Igor B orcidid: 0000-0003-2600-4109 surname: Costa fullname: Costa, Igor B organization: Department of Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil – sequence: 16 givenname: Iran B orcidid: 0000-0003-3697-0554 surname: Costa fullname: Costa, Iran B organization: Department of Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil – sequence: 17 givenname: Luana S surname: Barbagelata fullname: Barbagelata, Luana S organization: Department of Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil – sequence: 18 givenname: Wanderley D surname: das Chagas Junior fullname: das Chagas Junior, Wanderley D organization: Department of Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil – sequence: 19 givenname: Edvaldo T surname: da Penha Junior fullname: da Penha Junior, Edvaldo T organization: Department of Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil – sequence: 20 givenname: Luana S orcidid: 0000-0001-9509-4019 surname: Soares fullname: Soares, Luana S organization: Department of Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil – sequence: 21 givenname: Giselle M R surname: Viana fullname: Viana, Giselle M R organization: Malaria Basic Research Laboratory, Parasitology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67000-000, Pará, Brazil – sequence: 22 givenname: Alberto A orcidid: 0000-0002-6640-3377 surname: Amarilla fullname: Amarilla, Alberto A organization: School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia – sequence: 23 givenname: Naphak orcidid: 0000-0003-3205-4970 surname: Modhiran fullname: Modhiran, Naphak organization: School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia – sequence: 24 givenname: Daniel surname: Watterson fullname: Watterson, Daniel organization: Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia – sequence: 25 givenname: Lívia M N orcidid: 0000-0001-8578-9984 surname: Casseb fullname: Casseb, Lívia M N organization: Graduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil – sequence: 26 givenname: Lívia C orcidid: 0000-0002-9400-2036 surname: Martins fullname: Martins, Lívia C organization: Graduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil – sequence: 27 givenname: Daniele F surname: Henriques fullname: Henriques, Daniele F organization: Graduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39066430$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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