Improved electrochemical properties of MgMn2O4 cathode materials by Sr doping for Mg ion cells

• Published in: Ionics Vol. 26; no. 8; pp. 3947 - 3958
• Main Authors: Harudin, N., Osman, Z., Majid, S. R., Othman, L., Hambali, D., Silva, M. M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-08-2020; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Cathodes; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Citric acid; Condensed Matter Physics; Electrochemical analysis; Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; Electrochemistry; Electrode materials; Electrolytes; Electrolytic cells; Electron microscopy; Emission analysis; Energy Storage; Field emission microscopy; Lithium; Magnesium perchlorates; Materials handling; Microscopy; Morphology; Optical and Electronic Materials; Original Paper; Raman spectroscopy; Rechargeable batteries; Reducing agents; Renewable and Green Energy; Self propagation; Spectrum analysis; Strontium; Thermodynamic properties; Thermogravimetric analysis; Toxicity; Voltammetry; X-ray spectroscopy; Strontium; Magnesium ion cells; Self-propagating combustion; Cathode materials; MgMn; O
• DOI: 10.1007/s11581-020-03531-7
• EISSN: 1862-0760
• ISSN: 0947-7047

Magnesium possesses numerous great characteristics that make it attractive as an electrode material for rechargeable batteries. Magnesium is available in abundance, ease of handling, low toxicity, and environmental friendly. Due to its advantages, magnesium ion battery may be considered as an alternative to lithium in the future. In the present work, the improvement electrochemical properties of magnesium-based cathode material, MgMn
2
O
4
, were done by adding strontium (Sr) as dopant. These materials were synthesized by self-propagating combustion method using citric acid as a reducing agent. The precursors obtained were annealed at temperatures of 700 °C and 800 °C for 24 h. The thermal properties, structure, and surface morphology of the prepared cathode material samples were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Raman spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller theory (BET). Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were performed to determine electrochemical stability and properties of the prepared samples using two different electrolytes containing magnesium trifluoromethanesulfonate (Mg(CF
3
SO
3
)
2
) salt and magnesium perchlorate (Mg(ClO
4
)
2
) salt. The magnesium ion cells were fabricated using the optimized cathode materials, and the cell performances were studied by galvanostatic charge–discharge test.