Efficacy of Surgical Wound Drainage in Orthopaedic Trauma Patients: A Randomized Prospective Trial

• Published in: Journal of orthopaedic trauma Vol. 12; no. 5; pp. 348 - 350
• Main Authors: Lang, Gerald J, Richardson, Mark, Bosse, Michael J, Greene, Kimberley, Meyer, Ralph A, Sims, Stephen H, Kellam, James F
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hagerstown, MD Lippincott-Raven Publishers 01-06-1998; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biological and medical sciences; Chi-Square Distribution; Female; Fracture Fixation, Internal; Hemostasis; Humans; Male; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Orthopedic surgery; Orthopedics; Postoperative Care - methods; Prospective Studies; Random Allocation; Reoperation; Suction; Surgery (general aspects). Transplantations, organ and tissue grafts. Graft diseases; Surgical Wound Infection - prevention & control; Treatment Outcome; Wounds and Injuries - surgery; Human; Surgical wound; Surgical drainage; Treatment efficiency; Diseases of the osteoarticular system; Homograft; Fracture; Pelvis bone; Trauma; Fixation; Treatment; Surgery; Limb; Graft; Bone; Technique
• ISSN: 0890-5339; 1531-2291
• DOI: 10.1097/00005131-199806000-00009

OBJECTIVE:To study the efficacy of closed suction drainage in clean nonemergent surgical fracture fixation or bone grafting on the extremities or pelvis.
DESIGN:A prospective randomized trial.
SETTING:The orthopaedic trauma service of a Level I trauma hospital.
PATIENTS:Patients were older than age eighteen years and undergoing clean nonemergent surgical fracture fixation or bone grafting procedures on the extremities (excluding hands and feet) or pelvis.
INTERVENTION:The application of a surgical drain.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS:Wound drainage, edema, hematoma and erythema, dehiscence, infection, and need for surgery or readmission were followed for six weeks. A univariate analysis with Student's t test for continuous variables and chisquared analysis for all categorical data were used, with a p value of ≤0.05 considered statistically significant.
RESULTS:A total of 202 patients were randomized to 102 patients with no drain and 100 patients with a drain. There was no significant difference between the groups with regard to injury severity, systemic disease, age, body weight, physical status, or estimated blood loss. There was no significant difference between the drain and no-drain groups in any of the parameters evaluated.
CONCLUSION:There is no significant difference between drained and nondrained wounds in clean, nonurgent orthopaedic trauma surgery. It appears that drainage systems can be safely eliminated in this group.