Compositional characterization of PM2.5 emitted from in-use diesel vehicles

In Asian developing countries diesel vehicles contribute significantly to urban air pollution. The emission factors (EF) and exhaust gas composition of these vehicles may be different from those in the US and Europe, where most emission measurements are taken. This study focuses on the fine particul...

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Published in:	Atmospheric environment (1994) Vol. 44; no. 1; pp. 15 - 22
Main Authors:	NGUYEN THI KIM OANH, THIANSATHIT, Worrarat, BOND, Tami C, SUBRAMANIAN, R, WINIJKUL, Ekbordin, PAW-ARMART, Ittipol
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Kidlington Elsevier 2010
Subjects:	Applied sciences Atmospheric pollution Buses (vehicles) Carbon Diesel Diesel fuels Emittance Exact sciences and technology Mathematical models Pollution Pollution sources. Measurement results Transports Trucks Thailand Asia Bus Composition Emission content Lightweight vehicle profile Diesel engine Air quality Emission factor Motor vehicle Urban area Heavy-duty vehicle Diesel particles Bangkok Lorry Fine particle Aerosols Air pollution Road traffic Composite diesel PM
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Abstract	In Asian developing countries diesel vehicles contribute significantly to urban air pollution. The emission factors (EF) and exhaust gas composition of these vehicles may be different from those in the US and Europe, where most emission measurements are taken. This study focuses on the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) emission from in-use diesel vehicles in Bangkok, with the goal of providing EF and source profiles that are more appropriate for developing countries. The chassis dynamometer test results for 93 vehicles, including 39 light duty (LD) and 54 heavy duty (HD) of the age models between 1972 and 2005, are presented. PM EF are lower for vehicles of newer year models, consistent with the implementation of engine standards. The average PM2.5 EF of 0.23aagaakma1 for LD, and 1.76aagaakma1 for HD trucks and buses are generally higher than the literature reported values. Old HD trucks produce the highest PM EF of above 3aagaakma1. Black carbon (BC), measured by an optical method, is well correlated with elemental carbon (EC) by TOT, but is consistently about 1.7 times higher. Between the LD and HD fleets, there is no significant difference in the fractional composition (BC, EC, OC, water soluble ions and elements) of emitted PM2.5. The composite source profile, weighted against the fleet composition and the vehicle km travelled (VKT) for the city has an average OC of 19%, EC of 47%, and sulfate of 2%, which are close to those reported for 1980s US diesel vehicles.
AbstractList	In Asian developing countries diesel vehicles contribute significantly to urban air pollution. The emission factors (EF) and exhaust gas composition of these vehicles may be different from those in the US and Europe, where most emission measurements are taken. This study focuses on the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) emission from in-use diesel vehicles in Bangkok, with the goal of providing EF and source profiles that are more appropriate for developing countries. The chassis dynamometer test results for 93 vehicles, including 39 light duty (LD) and 54 heavy duty (HD) of the age models between 1972 and 2005, are presented. PM EF are lower for vehicles of newer year models, consistent with the implementation of engine standards. The average PM2.5 EF of 0.23aagaakma1 for LD, and 1.76aagaakma1 for HD trucks and buses are generally higher than the literature reported values. Old HD trucks produce the highest PM EF of above 3aagaakma1. Black carbon (BC), measured by an optical method, is well correlated with elemental carbon (EC) by TOT, but is consistently about 1.7 times higher. Between the LD and HD fleets, there is no significant difference in the fractional composition (BC, EC, OC, water soluble ions and elements) of emitted PM2.5. The composite source profile, weighted against the fleet composition and the vehicle km travelled (VKT) for the city has an average OC of 19%, EC of 47%, and sulfate of 2%, which are close to those reported for 1980s US diesel vehicles.
Author	THIANSATHIT, Worrarat NGUYEN THI KIM OANH BOND, Tami C SUBRAMANIAN, R PAW-ARMART, Ittipol WINIJKUL, Ekbordin
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 surname: NGUYEN THI KIM OANH fullname: NGUYEN THI KIM OANH organization: Environmental Engineering and Management, Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Pathumthani 12120, Thailand – sequence: 2 givenname: Worrarat surname: THIANSATHIT fullname: THIANSATHIT, Worrarat organization: Environmental Engineering and Management, Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Pathumthani 12120, Thailand – sequence: 3 givenname: Tami C surname: BOND fullname: BOND, Tami C organization: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), IL 61801, United States – sequence: 4 givenname: R surname: SUBRAMANIAN fullname: SUBRAMANIAN, R organization: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), IL 61801, United States – sequence: 5 givenname: Ekbordin surname: WINIJKUL fullname: WINIJKUL, Ekbordin organization: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), IL 61801, United States – sequence: 6 givenname: Ittipol surname: PAW-ARMART fullname: PAW-ARMART, Ittipol organization: Automotive Air Pollution Division, Pollution Control Department, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Snippet	In Asian developing countries diesel vehicles contribute significantly to urban air pollution. The emission factors (EF) and exhaust gas composition of these...
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SubjectTerms	Applied sciences Atmospheric pollution Buses (vehicles) Carbon Diesel Diesel fuels Emittance Exact sciences and technology Mathematical models Pollution Pollution sources. Measurement results Transports Trucks
Title	Compositional characterization of PM2.5 emitted from in-use diesel vehicles
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