Neighborhood Racial and Economic Segregation and Disparities in Violence During the COVID-19 Pandemic

To describe associations between neighborhood racial and economic segregation and violence during the COVID-19 pandemic. For 13 US cities, we obtained zip code-level data on 5 violence outcomes from March through July 2018 through 2020. Using negative binomial regressions and marginal contrasts, we...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	American journal of public health (1971) Vol. 112; no. 1; pp. 144 - 153
Main Authors:	Schleimer, Julia P, Buggs, Shani A, McCort, Christopher D, Pear, Veronica A, Biasi, Alaina De, Tomsich, Elizabeth, Shev, Aaron B, Laqueur, Hannah S, Wintemute, Garen J
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States American Public Health Association 01-01-2022
Subjects:	Aggression Archives & records Black people Cities Cities - statistics & numerical data Community Health Confidence intervals Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 - epidemiology Economics Ethnicity Firearms Gun violence Gun Violence - statistics & numerical data Health disparities Homicide Homicide - statistics & numerical data Households Humans Injury/Emergency Care/Violence Murders & murder attempts Neighborhoods Open data Other Race/Ethnicity Pandemics Population Postal codes Public health Race Race Factors Racial differences Racism Rape Rape - statistics & numerical data Research & Analysis Residence Characteristics - classification Residence Characteristics - statistics & numerical data Segregation Social Segregation Socioeconomic Factors Theft - statistics & numerical data United States - epidemiology Violence Violence - statistics & numerical data Violent crime White supremacy United States Cities San Francisco California California United States > US Detroit Michigan
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Summary:	To describe associations between neighborhood racial and economic segregation and violence during the COVID-19 pandemic. For 13 US cities, we obtained zip code-level data on 5 violence outcomes from March through July 2018 through 2020. Using negative binomial regressions and marginal contrasts, we estimated differences between quintiles of racial, economic, and racialized economic segregation using the Index of Concentration at the Extremes as a measure of neighborhood privilege (1) in 2020 and (2) relative to 2018 through 2019 (difference-in-differences). In 2020, violence was higher in less-privileged neighborhoods than in the most privileged. For example, if all zip codes were in the least privileged versus most privileged quintile of racialized economic segregation, we estimated 146.2 additional aggravated assaults (95% confidence interval = 112.4, 205.8) per zip code on average across cities. Differences over time in less-privileged zip codes were greater than differences over time in the most privileged for firearm violence, aggravated assault, and homicide. Marginalized communities endure endemically high levels of violence. The events of 2020 exacerbated disparities in several forms of violence. To reduce violence and related disparities, immediate and long-term investments in low-income neighborhoods of color are warranted. ( . 2022;112(1):144-153. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306540).
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 CONTRIBUTORS J. P. Schleimer developed the research question and study design, conducted the analyses, and drafted the article. S. A. Buggs contributed to the conceptualization of the research and study design. C. D. McCort and V. A. Pear assisted with data acquisition and management. C. D. McCort, V. A. Pear, A. B. Shev, and H. S. Laqueur advised on the statistical analyses. All authors contributed to study design, interpretation of results, and critical revision of the article and gave approval of the final version to be published.
ISSN:	0090-0036 1541-0048
DOI:	10.2105/AJPH.2021.306540