Impacts of several urban-sprawl countermeasures on building (space heating) energy demands and urban heat island intensities. A case study

• Published in: Urban climate Vol. 19; pp. 92 - 121
• Main Authors: Kohler, Manon, Tannier, Cécile, Blond, Nadège, Aguejdad, Rahim, Clappier, Alain
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 01-01-2017; Elsevier
• Subjects: Architecture, space management; Building space heating; Ecological connectivity; Geography; Humanities and Social Sciences; Residential development; Urban climate modeling; Urban heat island; Ecological connectivity; Residential development; Urban climate modeling; Urban heat island; Building space heating
• ISSN: 2212-0955; 2212-0955
• DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2016.12.006

Controlling the urban development and protecting the natural habitats are major challenges for urban planners. With respect to these challenges, we assess the influence of different spatial planning policies on the urban heat island (UHI) intensity and the energy demand for building space heating in Strasbourg–Kehl urban region (France–Germany). For this purpose, the SLEUTH* urban growth model is coupled off-line with the WRF/urban climate modeling system in order to simulate the impacts of three types of urban development (compact, moderately compact, and sprawling development) combined with ecological preservation rules. Two additional software applications, Graphab and MorphoLim, are used to define the ecological and urban spatial structures, and drive the SLEUTH* simulations. The simulations for the year 2010 are consistent with the existing climate data (mean bias on temperatures less than or equal to 1°C) and annual energy consumptions for building space heating estimated via a building typology energy assessment approach (discrepancies of 20%). Simulated urban development scenarios for the year 2030 show slight effects on UHI intensities and heating energy demands in buildings. Those results suggest that urban sprawl countermeasures have no significant effect on the UHI intensity and building energy requirements when considering a moderate urban growth and realistic planning scenarios.
•Building heating energy demand is simulated for several urban planning policies.•The dominant land cover approach cannot represent scattered urban patterns.•Realistic planning scenarios have little impact on building energy demands.•UHI intensities vary greatly depending on the chosen indicator.