Temporal and Spatial Distributions of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Under Three Different Strategies of Control and Eradication in Colombia (1982-2003)

• Published in: Veterinary research communications Vol. 31; no. 7; pp. 819 - 834
• Main Authors: Gallego, M. L, Perez, A. M, Thurmond, M. C
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands 01-10-2007; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: animal transport; Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases - epidemiology; Cattle Diseases - prevention & control; Colombia - epidemiology; culling (animals); Demography; disease incidence; disease outbreaks; Disease Outbreaks - prevention & control; Disease Outbreaks - veterinary; epidemiological studies; foot-and-mouth disease; Foot-and-Mouth Disease - epidemiology; Foot-and-Mouth Disease - prevention & control; Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus - classification; Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus - isolation & purification; longitudinal studies; morbidity; mortality; program evaluation; risk assessment; seasonal variation; Seasons; serotypes; Serotyping - veterinary; spatial variation; species differences; Species Specificity; Swine; Swine Diseases - epidemiology; Swine Diseases - prevention & control; Time Factors; vaccination; Vaccination - veterinary; vaccine adjuvants; vaccines; Viral Vaccines - administration & dosage; Colombia
• DOI: 10.1007/s11259-007-0125-1
• EISSN: 1573-7446
• ISSN: 0165-7380

Outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) from January 1982 through December 2003 were used to examine variations in serotype- and species-specific risk for three control programmes in Colombia:(1982-1983) vaccination, using an aluminium hydroxide, saponin adjuvant, required but not enforced; (1984-1996) vaccination, using an oil double-emulsion adjuvant, required but not enforced; and (1997-2003) enforced vaccination, using an oil double-emulsion adjuvant, restricted animal movement enforced, and slaughter of infected animals. Hypotheses were tested for trend, cyclicity and seasonality in FMD occurrence, and for species- and serotype-specific differences in morbidity and case-fatality. The spatial density of outbreaks was estimated by kernel smoothing. The frequency of outbreaks decreased most between 1984 and 1996 (p < 0.01) for serotype A and between 1997 and 2003 (p < 0.01) for serotype O. Outbreaks occurred in cycles of 3-4 years for both serotypes (p < 0.05). Morbidity was not significantly different in pigs from that in cattle for serotype A-associated outbreaks (p = 0.314), but was higher in pigs than in cattle (p = 0.019) for serotype O-associated outbreaks. For both serotypes, case-fatality was higher for pigs than for cattle (p < 0.009). Temporal variation in FMD incidence provided insight into the expected evolution of FMD control for countries with similar conditions and where FMD is endemic.