Two dimensional time-frequency analysis based eigenvalue decomposition applied to image watermarking

An application of two-dimensional time-frequency analysis and corresponding two-dimensional eigenvalue decomposition for image watermarking purpose is proposed. The eigenvalue decomposition is used to provide a criterion for watermarking coefficients selection. It is primarily used to select pixels...

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Published in:	Multimedia tools and applications Vol. 49; no. 3; pp. 529 - 543
Main Authors:	Stanković, Srdjan, Orović, Irena, Žarić, Nikola, Ioana, Cornel
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Boston Springer US 01-09-2010 Springer Nature B.V Springer Verlag
Subjects:	Computer Communication Networks Computer Science Data Structures and Information Theory Decomposition Digital imaging Digital rights management Eigenvalues Engineering Sciences Fourier transforms Frequency distribution Image processing systems Mathematical models Multimedia Information Systems Pixels Signal and Image Processing Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems Studies Time-frequency analysis Two dimensional Watermarking Eigenvalue decomposition for image regions classification Digital image watermarking Two-dimensional time-frequency analysis
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Abstract	An application of two-dimensional time-frequency analysis and corresponding two-dimensional eigenvalue decomposition for image watermarking purpose is proposed. The eigenvalue decomposition is used to provide a criterion for watermarking coefficients selection. It is primarily used to select pixels suitable for watermarking that belong to busy image regions. The watermark embedding is performed in the space/spatial-frequency domain by using middle frequency components, whose number is determined from the eigenvalue decomposition, as well. In order to provide its imperceptibility, watermark is modelled and adapted to the local frequency content of each considered pixel. For an efficient watermark modelling procedure, the concept of space-varying filtering is employed. Furthermore, the watermark detection is done within the space/spatial-frequency domain, which facilitates detection process due to the larger number of coefficients comparing to the space or frequency domain, separately. The efficiency of the proposed procedure and its robustness in the presence of various attacks is proven on the examples.
AbstractList	An application of two-dimensional time-frequency analysis and corresponding two-dimensional eigenvalue decomposition for image watermarking purpose is proposed. The eigenvalue decomposition is used to provide a criterion for watermarking coefficients selection. It is primarily used to select pixels suitable for watermarking that belong to busy image regions. The watermark embedding is performed in the space/spatial-frequency domain by using middle frequency components, whose number is determined from the eigenvalue decomposition, as well. In order to provide its imperceptibility, watermark is modelled and adapted to the local frequency content of each considered pixel. For an efficient watermark modelling procedure, the concept of space-varying filtering is employed. Furthermore, the watermark detection is done within the space/spatial-frequency domain, which facilitates detection process due to the larger number of coefficients comparing to the space or frequency domain, separately. The efficiency of the proposed procedure and its robustness in the presence of various attacks is proven on the examples. An application of two-dimensional time-frequency analysis and corresponding two-dimensional eigenvalue decomposition for image watermarking purpose is proposed. The eigenvalue decomposition is used to provide a criterion for watermarking coefficients selection. It is primarily used to select pixels suitable for watermarking that belong to busy image regions. The watermark embedding is performed in the space/spatial-frequency domain by using middle frequency components, whose number is determined from the eigenvalue decomposition, as well. In order to provide its imperceptibility, watermark is modelled and adapted to the local frequency content of each considered pixel. For an efficient watermark modelling procedure, the concept of space-varying filtering is employed. Furthermore, the watermark detection is done within the space/spatial-frequency domain, which facilitates detection process due to the larger number of coefficients comparing to the space or frequency domain, separately. The efficiency of the proposed procedure and its robustness in the presence of various attacks is proven on the examples. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Author	Žarić, Nikola Stanković, Srdjan Ioana, Cornel Orović, Irena
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Srdjan surname: Stanković fullname: Stanković, Srdjan email: srdjan@ac.me organization: Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Montenegro – sequence: 2 givenname: Irena surname: Orović fullname: Orović, Irena organization: Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Montenegro – sequence: 3 givenname: Nikola surname: Žarić fullname: Žarić, Nikola organization: Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Montenegro – sequence: 4 givenname: Cornel surname: Ioana fullname: Ioana, Cornel organization: National Polytechnique Institute of Grenoble (Signal and Image Laboratory)
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Keywords	Eigenvalue decomposition for image regions classification Digital image watermarking Two-dimensional time-frequency analysis
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References	Stanković S, Orović I, Žarić N (2010) An application of multidimensional time-frequency analysis as a base for the unified watermarking approach. IEEE Trans Image Process 19(4), April HernandezJRAmadoMPerez GonzalesFDCT-domain watermarking techniques for still images: detector performance analysis and a new structureIEEE Trans Image Process20009556810.1109/83.817598 CoxJMillerMLBloomJADigital watermarking2002San FranciscoKaufmann StankovićLJThayaparanTDakovićMSignal decomposition by using the S-method with application to the analysis of HF radar signals in sea-clutterIEEE Trans Signal Process200654114332434210.1109/TSP.2006.880248 Al-khassaweneh M, Aviyente S (2004) A time-frequency inspired robust image watermarking. in IEEE Conference Record of the Thirty-Eighth Asilomar Conference, vol. 1, pp 392–396 StankovićLJA method for time-frequency signal analysisIEEE Trans Signal Process199442122522910.1109/78.258146 StankovićSStankovićLJUskokovićZOn the local frequency, group shift and cross terms in some multidimensional time-frequency distributions; a method for multidimensional time-frequency analysisIEEE Trans Signal Process19954371719172410.1109/78.398736 MuharemagićEFurhtBFurhtBKirovskiDSurvey of watermarking techniques and applicationsMultimedia watermarking techniques and applications2006New YorkAuerbach91130 BarniMBartoliniFWatermarking systems engineering2004New YorkMarcel Dekker StankovićLJStankovićSDjurovićISpace/spatial-frequency based filteringIEEE Trans Signal Process2000488234323521038.9308410.1109/78.8520151822203 Heeger D (1997) Signal detection theory. Teaching handout, Dept. Psych., Stanford University, Stanford, CA Mobaseri BG (2002) Digital watermarking in the joint time-frequency domain. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, Sept. 2002, New York, vol. 3, pp. 481–484 NikolaidisAPitasIAsymptotically optimal detection for additive watermarking in the DCT and DWT domainsIEEE Trans Image Process200312556357110.1109/TIP.2003.810586 WickensTDElementary signal detection theory2002OxfordOxford University Press Žarić N, Orović I, Stanković S, Ioana C (2008) Space/spatial-frequency based image watermarking. in Proc. 50th International Symposium ELMAR 2008, pp 101–104 LJ Stanković (446_CR11) 2000; 48 LJ Stanković (446_CR9) 1994; 42 M Barni (446_CR2) 2004 A Nikolaidis (446_CR8) 2003; 12 LJ Stanković (446_CR12) 2006; 54 E Muharemagić (446_CR7) 2006 JR Hernandez (446_CR5) 2000; 9 446_CR4 S Stanković (446_CR10) 1995; 43 446_CR6 446_CR13 446_CR1 J Cox (446_CR3) 2002 446_CR15 TD Wickens (446_CR14) 2002
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SubjectTerms	Computer Communication Networks Computer Science Data Structures and Information Theory Decomposition Digital imaging Digital rights management Eigenvalues Engineering Sciences Fourier transforms Frequency distribution Image processing systems Mathematical models Multimedia Information Systems Pixels Signal and Image Processing Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems Studies Time-frequency analysis Two dimensional Watermarking
Title	Two dimensional time-frequency analysis based eigenvalue decomposition applied to image watermarking
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