Follow-up Imaging of Disk Candidates from the Disk Detective Citizen Science Project: New Discoveries and False Positives in WISE Circumstellar Disk Surveys

• Published in: The Astrophysical journal Vol. 868; no. 1; pp. 43 - 57
• Main Authors: Silverberg, Steven M., Kuchner, Marc J., Wisniewski, John P., Bans, Alissa S., Debes, John H., Kenyon, Scott J., Baranec, Christoph, Riddle, Reed, Law, Nicholas, Teske, Johanna K., Burns-Kaurin, Emily, Bosch, Milton K. D., Cernohous, Tadeas, Doll, Katharina, Durantini Luca, Hugo A., Hyogo, Michiharu, Hamilton, Joshua, Finnemann, Johanna J. S., Lau, Lily
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Philadelphia The American Astronomical Society 20-11-2018; IOP Publishing
• Subjects: Accretion disks; Adaptive control; Adaptive optics; Astrometry; Astrophysics; Binary systems; Candidates; Circumstellar dust; Cosmic dust; Dust; Extrasolar planets; Image classification; infrared: planetary systems; methods: data analysis; Object recognition; Observatories; Optics; Planet detection; protoplanetary disks; Searching; Signal to noise ratio; surveys; Target recognition; Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer
• ISSN: 0004-637X; 1538-4357
• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aae3e3

The Disk Detective citizen science project aims to find new stars with excess 22 m emission from circumstellar dust in the AllWISE data release from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer. We evaluated 261 Disk Detective objects of interest with imaging with the Robo-AO adaptive optics instrument on the 1.5 m telescope at Palomar Observatory and with RetroCam on the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory to search for background objects at 0 15-12″ separations from each target. Our analysis of these data leads us to reject 7% of targets. Combining this result with statistics from our online image classification efforts implies that at most 7.9% 0.2% of AllWISE-selected infrared excesses are good disk candidates. Applying our false-positive rates to other surveys, we find that the infrared excess searches of McDonald et al. and Marton et al. all have false-positive rates >70%. Moreover, we find that all 13 disk candidates in Theissen & West with W4 signal-to-noise ratio >3 are false positives. We present 244 disk candidates that have survived vetting by follow-up imaging. Of these, 213 are newly identified disk systems. Twelve of these are candidate members of comoving pairs based on Gaia astrometry, supporting the hypothesis that warm dust is associated with binary systems. We also note the discovery of 22 m excess around two known members of the Scorpius-Centaurus association, and we identify known disk host WISEA J164540.79-310226.6 as a likely Sco-Cen member. Thirty of these disk candidates are closer than ∼125 pc (including 26 debris disks), making them good targets for both direct-imaging exoplanet searches.