Clinical and radiographic characteristics of pycnodysostosis: A systematic review

• Published in: Imaging science in dentistry Vol. 54; no. 1; pp. 13 - 24
• Main Authors: Gonzaga, Amanda Katarinny Goes, Costa, Carla Samily de Oliveira, Morais, Hannah Gil de Farias, da Fonseca Neto, Braz, Pinto, Leão Pereira, Dantas, Wagner Ranier Maciel, de Oliveira, Patricia Teixeira, de Melo, Daniela Pita
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Korea (South) Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology 01-03-2024; 대한영상치의학회
• Subjects: Review; 치의학; Diagnostic Imaging; Maxillofacial Abnormalities; Pycnodysostosis; Syndrome
• ISSN: 2233-7822; 2233-7830
• DOI: 10.5624/isd.20230191

Pycnodysostosis (PYCD), an autosomal recessive syndrome, is characterized by an imbalance in bone remodeling that produces various clinical and radiographic craniofacial manifestations. This review represents a systematic examination of these manifestations, as well as oral features associated with PYCD.
A systematic review was conducted across 8 databases from February to March 2023. The search strategy focused on studies reporting cases of PYCD that examined the clinical and radiographic craniofacial and oral characteristics associated with this syndrome.
The review included 84 studies, encompassing a total of 179 cases of PYCD. More than half of the patients were female (55.3%), and the mean age was 14.7 years. Parental consanguinity was reported in 51.4% of the cases. The most common craniofacial clinical manifestation was a prominent nose, observed in 57.5% of cases. Radiographically, the most frequently reported craniofacial characteristics included the presence of an obtuse mandibular angle (84.3%) and frontal cranial bosses (82.1%). Clinical and radiographic examinations revealed oral alterations, with micrognathia present in 62.6% of patients and malocclusion in 59.2%. Among dental anomalies, tooth agenesis was the most commonly reported, affecting 15.6% of patients.
Understanding the clinical and radiographic craniofacial features of PYCD is crucial for dental professionals. This knowledge enables these clinicians to devise effective treatment plans and improve patient quality of life.