Tenascin-C: as a diagnostic biomarker for rheumatic heart disease

• Published in: The Gazette of the Egyptian Paediatric Association Vol. 71; no. 1; pp. 61 - 6
• Main Authors: Abo-Hashish, Maha M. A., Ahmed, Azza Mohamed, Hegazi, Mohammad Ali, Mosaad, Naglaa Abdel Rahman, Ibrahim, Mona Hammed, Salam, Nagwan Yehia Abdel
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-12-2023; Springer; Springer Nature B.V; SpringerOpen
• Subjects: Acute rheumatic fever; Analysis; Bacteria; C-reactive protein; Cardiovascular disease; Children; Chronic rheumatic heart disease; Diseases; Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; Females; Fibroblasts; Health aspects; Heart; Inflammatory diseases; Medical diagnosis; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Pediatric cardiology; Pediatrics; Rheumatic fever; Rheumatic heart disease; Serum tenascin-C; Egypt; Taiwan; Chronic rheumatic heart disease; Acute rheumatic fever; Serum tenascin-C
• DOI: 10.1186/s43054-023-00208-4
• EISSN: 2090-9942
• ISSN: 2090-9942; 1110-6638

Background
Rheumatic fever is a long-term inflammatory disease that can happen if group A beta-hemolytic streptococci bacteria are not treated well enough. Rheumatic fever is recognized globally as the leading cause of heart disease in the pediatric population. This disease destroys the heart muscle, progressively deteriorating its structure and impairing the function of its valves over time.
Aim
The aim of this study is to determine the role of serum tenascin-C in the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever and chronic rheumatic heart disease.
Methods
This case–control study involved a group of 60 Egyptian children. Among them, 20 were diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever, identified using the updated Jones criteria from 2015. Another 20 children, who were suffering from chronic rheumatic heart disease, were also act as a part of the study. The remaining 20 participants, healthy children carefully matched in age and sex, served as the control group.
Results
Serum tenascin-C level was significantly increased in acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and highly significantly increased in chronic rheumatic heart disease (CRHD) groups when compared with control group (
P
 = 0.04, 0.01), respectively. There were highly significant difference between and within the studied groups regarding the mean of serum tenascin-C. Serum tenascin-C mean of ARF, CRHD, and control was 4.82 ± 18.7, 5.46 ± 1.6, and 3.78 ± 2.4, respectively,
P
 = 0.02. Level of serum tenascin-C was lower in cases with severe mitral valve insufficiency. No significant link was found between the level of serum tenascin-C and C-reactive protein (CRP), ESR, and ASO titer, with a
P
-value greater than 0.5. ROC curve for serum tenascin-C in ARF patients was area under the curve = 0.682 (
P
 = 0.05) with optimal serum tenascin-C cut-off point (> 3.76 ng/ml); ROC curve for serum tenascin-C in CRHD patients was
AUC
 = 0.73 (
P
 = 0.01) with cut-off point level (73.76 ng/ml).
Conclusion
Patients with ARF and CRHD have increased level of serum tenascin-C. Serum tenancin-C is superior in the diagnosis of ARF in comparison to CRP, ESR, and ASOT. Tenascin-C level can be used as a diagnostic marker for ARF and CRHD.