Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-unresponsive non-muscle invasive bladder cancer outcomes in patients without radical cystectomy

• Published in: International journal of clinical oncology Vol. 26; no. 11; pp. 2104 - 2112
• Main Authors: Iida, Kota, Miyake, Makito, Murakami, Kaoru, Komiyama, Motokiyo, Okajima, Eijiro, Sazuka, Tomokazu, Nishiyama, Naotaka, Yasumoto, Hiroaki, Kimura, Takahiro, Ito, Akihiro, Shiga, Kenichiro, Yamagishi, Atsushi, Kikuchi, Hiroshi, Sugimoto, Mikio, Taoka, Rikiya, Kobayashi, Takashi, Kojima, Takahiro, Kitamura, Hiroshi, Nishiyama, Hiroyuki, Fujimoto, Kiyohide
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Singapore Springer Singapore 01-11-2021; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Bacillus; Bladder cancer; Cancer; Cancer Research; Glomerular filtration rate; Invasiveness; Medical prognosis; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Oncology; Original Article; Patients; Risk factors; Surgical Oncology; Survival; Tumors; Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer; Estimated glomerular filtration rate; Tumor size; Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-unresponsive
• ISSN: 1341-9625; 1437-7772
• DOI: 10.1007/s10147-021-01988-8

Background
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-unresponsive non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is a newly defined subtype that is unlikely to benefit from BCG rechallenge. Radical cystectomy is currently recommended for BCG-unresponsive NMIBC; however, a certain proportion of these patients can be managed with treatments other than that. Herein, we conducted a multicenter retrospective study to analyze the clinical outcomes of BCG-unresponsive NMIBC patients who did not receive radical cystectomy.
Methods
Of the 141 BCG-unresponsive NMIBC patients, 94 (66.7%) received treatment except radical cystectomy. Survival outcomes were calculated from the date of diagnosis using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Prognostic factors were identified using the multivariate Cox regression model. This group was further classified into three groups according to the number of risk factors, and survival outcomes were compared.
Results
Multivariate analyses identified low estimated glomerular filtration rate (< 45 ml/min/1.73 m
2
) and large tumor size (≥ 30 mm) before BCG induction as independent poor prognostic factors for progression-free survival and overall survival, while the latter was also an independent factor for cancer-specific survival. The presence of variant histology was an independent poor prognostic factor for overall survival. The high-risk non-cystectomy group showed a significantly poor prognosis for progression-free survival (hazard ratio: 7.61, 95% confidence interval: 2.11–27.5), cancer-specific survival (10.4, 0.54–70.02), and overall survival (8.28, 1.82–37.7).
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that patients with renal impairment and large tumors should undergo radical cystectomy if the complications and intentions of the patients allow so.