Influence of cholesterol on electroporation in lipid membranes of giant vesicles

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is primarily a nonthermal ablative technology that uses a series of high-voltage and ultra-short pulses with high-frequency electrical energy to induce cell death. This paper presents the influence of cholesterol on the IRE-induced probability of pore formation and...

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Published in:	European biophysics journal Vol. 49; no. 5; pp. 361 - 370
Main Authors:	Karal, Mohammad Abu Sayem, Ahamed, Md. Kabir, Mokta, Nadia Akter, Ahmed, Marzuk, Ahammed, Shareef
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Cham Springer International Publishing 01-07-2020 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Ablation Biochemistry Biological and Medical Physics Biomedical and Life Sciences Biophysics Cell Biology Cell death Cell Membrane - metabolism Cholesterol Cholesterol - metabolism Electroporation Kinetics Life Sciences Lipid membranes Lipids Membrane Biology Membranes Nanotechnology Neurobiology Original Article Pore formation Porosity Prairies Probability Short pulses Statistical analysis Tension Time dependence Unilamellar Liposomes - chemistry Unilamellar Liposomes - metabolism Vesicles Giant unilamellar vesicles Membranes IRE technique Rate constant Cholesterol Pore formation
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Abstract	Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is primarily a nonthermal ablative technology that uses a series of high-voltage and ultra-short pulses with high-frequency electrical energy to induce cell death. This paper presents the influence of cholesterol on the IRE-induced probability of pore formation and the rate constant of pore formation in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). The GUVs are prepared by a mixture of dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG), dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) and cholesterol using the natural swelling method. An IRE signal of frequency 1.1 kHz is applied to the membranes of GUVs. The probability of pore formation and the rate constant of pore formation events are obtained using statistical analysis from several single GUVs. The time-dependent fraction of intact GUVs among all those examined is fitted to a single exponential decay function from where the rate constant of pore formation is calculated. The probability of pore formation and the rate constant of pore formation decreases with an increase in cholesterol content in the membranes of GUVs. Theoretical equations are fitted to the tension-dependent rate constant of pore formation and to the probability of pore formation, which allows us to obtain the line tension of membranes. The obtained line tension increases with an increase in cholesterol in the membranes. The increase in the energy barrier of the prepore state, due to the increase of cholesterol in membranes, is the main factor explaining the decrease in the rate constant of pore formation.
AbstractList	Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is primarily a nonthermal ablative technology that uses a series of high-voltage and ultra-short pulses with high-frequency electrical energy to induce cell death. This paper presents the influence of cholesterol on the IRE-induced probability of pore formation and the rate constant of pore formation in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). The GUVs are prepared by a mixture of dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG), dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) and cholesterol using the natural swelling method. An IRE signal of frequency 1.1 kHz is applied to the membranes of GUVs. The probability of pore formation and the rate constant of pore formation events are obtained using statistical analysis from several single GUVs. The time-dependent fraction of intact GUVs among all those examined is fitted to a single exponential decay function from where the rate constant of pore formation is calculated. The probability of pore formation and the rate constant of pore formation decreases with an increase in cholesterol content in the membranes of GUVs. Theoretical equations are fitted to the tension-dependent rate constant of pore formation and to the probability of pore formation, which allows us to obtain the line tension of membranes. The obtained line tension increases with an increase in cholesterol in the membranes. The increase in the energy barrier of the prepore state, due to the increase of cholesterol in membranes, is the main factor explaining the decrease in the rate constant of pore formation. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is primarily a nonthermal ablative technology that uses a series of high-voltage and ultra-short pulses with high-frequency electrical energy to induce cell death. This paper presents the influence of cholesterol on the IRE-induced probability of pore formation and the rate constant of pore formation in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). The GUVs are prepared by a mixture of dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG), dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) and cholesterol using the natural swelling method. An IRE signal of frequency 1.1 kHz is applied to the membranes of GUVs. The probability of pore formation and the rate constant of pore formation events are obtained using statistical analysis from several single GUVs. The time-dependent fraction of intact GUVs among all those examined is fitted to a single exponential decay function from where the rate constant of pore formation is calculated. The probability of pore formation and the rate constant of pore formation decreases with an increase in cholesterol content in the membranes of GUVs. Theoretical equations are fitted to the tension-dependent rate constant of pore formation and to the probability of pore formation, which allows us to obtain the line tension of membranes. The obtained line tension increases with an increase in cholesterol in the membranes. The increase in the energy barrier of the prepore state, due to the increase of cholesterol in membranes, is the main factor explaining the decrease in the rate constant of pore formation.
Author	Mokta, Nadia Akter Ahmed, Marzuk Ahammed, Shareef Karal, Mohammad Abu Sayem Ahamed, Md. Kabir
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Mohammad Abu Sayem orcidid: 0000-0001-5288-2357 surname: Karal fullname: Karal, Mohammad Abu Sayem email: asayem221@phy.buet.ac.bd organization: Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology – sequence: 2 givenname: Md. Kabir surname: Ahamed fullname: Ahamed, Md. Kabir organization: Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology – sequence: 3 givenname: Nadia Akter surname: Mokta fullname: Mokta, Nadia Akter organization: Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology – sequence: 4 givenname: Marzuk surname: Ahmed fullname: Ahmed, Marzuk organization: Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology – sequence: 5 givenname: Shareef surname: Ahammed fullname: Ahammed, Shareef organization: Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology
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Keywords	Giant unilamellar vesicles Membranes IRE technique Rate constant Cholesterol Pore formation
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Snippet	Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is primarily a nonthermal ablative technology that uses a series of high-voltage and ultra-short pulses with high-frequency...
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SubjectTerms	Ablation Biochemistry Biological and Medical Physics Biomedical and Life Sciences Biophysics Cell Biology Cell death Cell Membrane - metabolism Cholesterol Cholesterol - metabolism Electroporation Kinetics Life Sciences Lipid membranes Lipids Membrane Biology Membranes Nanotechnology Neurobiology Original Article Pore formation Porosity Prairies Probability Short pulses Statistical analysis Tension Time dependence Unilamellar Liposomes - chemistry Unilamellar Liposomes - metabolism Vesicles
Title	Influence of cholesterol on electroporation in lipid membranes of giant vesicles
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