Incidence and Risk Factors for Cholelithiasis After Bariatric Surgery

• Published in: Obesity surgery Vol. 29; no. 7; pp. 2110 - 2114
• Main Authors: Guzmán, Hernán M., Sepúlveda, Matías, Rosso, Nicolás, San Martin, Andrés, Guzmán, Felipe, Guzmán, Hernán C.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01-07-2019; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adult; Bariatric Surgery - adverse effects; Bariatric Surgery - methods; Bariatric Surgery - statistics & numerical data; Body Mass Index; Chile - epidemiology; Cholelithiasis - epidemiology; Cholelithiasis - etiology; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - surgery; Female; Gallstones; Gallstones - epidemiology; Gallstones - etiology; Gastrointestinal surgery; Humans; Hypertension; Incidence; Male; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Middle Aged; Obesity, Morbid - epidemiology; Obesity, Morbid - surgery; Original Contributions; Postoperative Complications - epidemiology; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Surgery; Weight Loss - physiology; Chile; Obesity; Roux-en-Y gastric bypass; Bariatric surgery; Weight loss; Sleeve gastrectomy with jejunal bypass; Cholelithiasis; Sleeve gastrectomy
• ISSN: 0960-8923; 1708-0428
• DOI: 10.1007/s11695-019-03760-4

Background
Obesity and rapid weight loss after bariatric surgery (BS) are independent risk factors for development of cholelithiasis (CL), a prevalent disease in the Chilean population. This study aimed to determine the incidence of CL in obese Chilean patients 12 months after BS and identify risk factors for development of gallstones.
Methods
Retrospective study of patients who underwent BS in 2014. Patients with preoperative negative abdominal ultrasound (US) for CL and follow-up for at least than 12 months were included. Patients underwent US at 6 months and 12 months. We analyzed sex, age, hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, body mass index (BMI), surgical procedure, percentage of excess BMI loss (%EBMIL) at 6 months, and BMI at 6 months.
Results
Of 279 patients who underwent bariatric surgery during 2014, 66 had previous gallbladder disease and 176 met the inclusion criteria (82.6%), while 54.6% were female. The mean age was 37.8 ± 10.5 years and preoperative BMI was 37.5 kg/m
2
. BMI and %EBMIL at 6 months were 27.8 ± 3.3 kg/m
2
and 77.9 ± 33.6%, respectively. At 12 months after BS, CL was found in 65 patients (36.9%). Hypertension turned out to be protective against occurrence of gallstones at 1 year with an OR 0.241.
Conclusions
Incidence of CL was up to one-third of the patients followed up for 12 months after BS. Excessive weight loss and other variables studied did not increase risk. Hypertension seems to be protective against gallstone formation, but this result needs further analysis.