Thermodynamic analysis of ethanol steam reforming using Gibbs energy minimization method: A detailed study of the conditions of carbon deposition

In this paper, a thermodynamic analysis of ethanol/water system, using the Gibbs energy minimization method, has been carried out. A mathematical relationship between Lagrange's multipliers and carbon activity in the gas phase was deduced. From this, it was possible to calculate carbon activiti...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Published in:	International journal of hydrogen energy Vol. 34; no. 10; pp. 4321 - 4330
Main Authors:	Lima da Silva, Aline, Malfatti, Célia de Fraga, Müller, Iduvirges Lourdes
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 01-05-2009 Elsevier
Subjects:	Alternative fuels. Production and utilization Applied sciences Carbon Carbon deposition Chemical equilibrium Contact Energy Ethanol Ethanol steam reforming Ethyl alcohol Ethylene Exact sciences and technology Fuels Gibbs energy minimization method Hydrogen Mathematical analysis Mathematical models Thermodynamic analysis Thermodynamics Chemical equilibrium Carbon deposition Thermodynamic analysis Ethanol steam reforming Gibbs energy minimization method Gibbs free energy Ethanol Theoretical study Deposit formation Steam reforming Hydrogen production
Online Access:	Get full text
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

Abstract	In this paper, a thermodynamic analysis of ethanol/water system, using the Gibbs energy minimization method, has been carried out. A mathematical relationship between Lagrange's multipliers and carbon activity in the gas phase was deduced. From this, it was possible to calculate carbon activities in both stable and metastable systems. For the system that corresponds to ethanol steam reforming at very low contact times, composed mainly of ethylene and acetaldehyde, carbon activities were always much greater than unity over the whole temperature range, changing from 1.2×107 at 400K to 1.1×104 at 1200K. Furthermore, there was practically no effect of the inlet steam/ethanol ratio on carbon activity values. These results indicate that such a system is highly favorable to carbon formation. On the other hand, by considering a more stable system, in order to represent high contact times, it was observed that carbon activities are much lower and depend greatly on the inlet steam/ethanol ratio employed. Besides, the complete conversion of ethylene and acetaldehyde into other species, such as CO, CO2, CH4 and H2, lowers the total Gibbs energy of the system. By computing carbon activities in experimental systems, it was also possible to explain deviations between thermodynamic analysis and experimental results regarding carbon deposition.
AbstractList	In this paper, a thermodynamic analysis of ethanol/water system, using the Gibbs energy minimization method, has been carried out. A mathematical relationship between Lagrange's multipliers and carbon activity in the gas phase was deduced. From this, it was possible to calculate carbon activities in both stable and metastable systems. For the system that corresponds to ethanol steam reforming at very low contact times, composed mainly of ethylene and acetaldehyde, carbon activities were always much greater than unity over the whole temperature range, changing from 1.2×107 at 400K to 1.1×104 at 1200K. Furthermore, there was practically no effect of the inlet steam/ethanol ratio on carbon activity values. These results indicate that such a system is highly favorable to carbon formation. On the other hand, by considering a more stable system, in order to represent high contact times, it was observed that carbon activities are much lower and depend greatly on the inlet steam/ethanol ratio employed. Besides, the complete conversion of ethylene and acetaldehyde into other species, such as CO, CO2, CH4 and H2, lowers the total Gibbs energy of the system. By computing carbon activities in experimental systems, it was also possible to explain deviations between thermodynamic analysis and experimental results regarding carbon deposition. In this paper, a thermodynamic analysis of ethanol/water system, using the Gibbs energy minimization method, has been carried out. A mathematical relationship between Lagrange's multipliers and carbon activity in the gas phase was deduced. From this, it was possible to calculate carbon activities in both stable and metastable systems. For the system that corresponds to ethanol steam reforming at very low contact times, composed mainly of ethylene and acetaldehyde, carbon activities were always much greater than unity over the whole temperature range, changing from 1.2 x 10 super(7 at 400 K to 1.1 x 10) super(4) at 1200 K. Furthermore, there was practically no effect of the inlet steam/ethanol ratio on carbon activity values. These results indicate that such a system is highly favorable to carbon formation. On the other hand, by considering a more stable system, in order to represent high contact times, it was observed that carbon activities are much lower and depend greatly on the inlet steam/ethanol ratio employed. Besides, the complete conversion of ethylene and acetaldehyde into other species, such as CO, CO sub(2, CH) sub(4) and H sub(2, lowers the total Gibbs energy of the system. By computing carbon activities in experimental systems, it was also possible to explain deviations between thermodynamic analysis and experimental results regarding carbon deposition.)
Author	Müller, Iduvirges Lourdes Lima da Silva, Aline Malfatti, Célia de Fraga
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Aline surname: Lima da Silva fullname: Lima da Silva, Aline email: adasilva26@gmail.com – sequence: 2 givenname: Célia de Fraga surname: Malfatti fullname: Malfatti, Célia de Fraga – sequence: 3 givenname: Iduvirges Lourdes surname: Müller fullname: Müller, Iduvirges Lourdes
BackLink	http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=21615651$$DView record in Pascal Francis
BookMark	eNqFkc1u1DAUhS1UJKaFV0DeIFYJdpwfmxVVBQWpEpuytpzr645HiT3YGaT0LXhjnE5hy8aWrr5zju49l-QixICEvOWs5oz3Hw61P-xXiwHrhjFVM1GzRr0gOy4HVYlWDhdkx0TPKsGVekUucz4wxgfWqh35fb_HNEe7BjN7oCaYac0-0-goLnsT4kTzgmamCV1Msw8P9JS399aPY6YlND2stMz97B_N4mOgcxFG-5FeU4uL8RPaYnGy6-a57JFCDNZv5FMKmDQWkcVjzE_T1-SlM1PGN8__Ffnx5fP9zdfq7vvtt5vruwrE0C6Vky2ita0UtpOjbVyvpOvHvnG8k6rjLRhhwTgDHXSKOWHlANCwFjoBgx3EFXl_9j2m-POEedGzz4DTZALGU9aq3FYKwdtC9mcSUsy5HEIfk59NWjVneqtAH_TfCvRWgWZClwqK8N1zhMlgJpdMAJ__qRve867veOE-nTks-_7ymHQGjwHQ-oSwaBv9_6L-AOKGplM
CODEN	IJHEDX
CitedBy_id	crossref_primary_10_1039_c2cy20267k crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_chemrev_6b00099 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apcata_2016_10_020 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijhydene_2011_03_123 crossref_primary_10_1515_revce_2016_0022 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_fuel_2021_122325 crossref_primary_10_1021_ef500084m crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijhydene_2010_03_003 crossref_primary_10_1088_1757_899X_1170_1_012002 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_energy_2018_07_097 crossref_primary_10_4155_bfs_12_8 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpcs_2021_110138 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_enconman_2024_118302 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijhydene_2011_12_034 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijhydene_2019_01_130 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11144_011_0335_y crossref_primary_10_1063_1_4747819 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_fuproc_2010_11_021 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_energy_2016_05_096 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_energyfuels_1c01670 crossref_primary_10_1021_ie500067d crossref_primary_10_1007_s13399_016_0213_y crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cej_2015_02_016 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_enconman_2019_04_072 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_iecr_8b06412 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_fuel_2024_132140 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_iecr_9b01728 crossref_primary_10_1080_01614940_2021_1968197 crossref_primary_10_1515_revce_2016_0045 crossref_primary_10_1002_ep_11836 crossref_primary_10_1021_ie4018918 crossref_primary_10_1021_jz3012047 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_energy_2017_05_145 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11244_013_0221_0 crossref_primary_10_1021_ie901540m crossref_primary_10_1155_2014_929676 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_catcom_2013_07_018 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_molcata_2013_09_039 crossref_primary_10_3934_energy_2016_1_68 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_fuproc_2010_08_003 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpowsour_2011_06_035 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijhydene_2014_12_037 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jcat_2020_11_009 crossref_primary_10_1039_C7SE00212B crossref_primary_10_1039_C4DT00521J crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3812314 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijhydene_2016_04_080 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpowsour_2010_03_066 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jechem_2016_10_003 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rser_2017_02_049 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijhydene_2015_07_138 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijhydene_2015_03_155 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijhydene_2012_01_182 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijhydene_2015_09_125 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_applthermaleng_2015_12_044 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_enconman_2017_10_042 crossref_primary_10_1021_ie500445u crossref_primary_10_1061__ASCE_EY_1943_7897_0000250 crossref_primary_10_1002_fuce_201100203 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijhydene_2011_06_055 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijhydene_2019_04_064 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijhydene_2012_01_031 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_applthermaleng_2014_06_032 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_energyfuels_4c00646 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_energy_2011_04_004 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_enconman_2012_02_032 crossref_primary_10_1002_apj_1759 crossref_primary_10_1021_ie400786z crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijhydene_2015_05_167 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_energy_2015_04_072 crossref_primary_10_3389_fenrg_2021_742323 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cherd_2012_09_015 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biortech_2014_01_113 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpowsour_2015_07_046 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_enconman_2010_09_034 crossref_primary_10_1088_2053_1591_ab356c crossref_primary_10_3390_pr8060708 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apenergy_2021_117491 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijhydene_2010_11_051 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ces_2012_07_041 crossref_primary_10_1002_er_1958 crossref_primary_10_1002_er_4549 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpowsour_2011_07_030 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11244_022_01757_5 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11144_017_1210_2 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apcatb_2012_02_006 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijhydene_2017_08_210 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijheatmasstransfer_2019_118764 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cej_2010_10_033 crossref_primary_10_1080_00986445_2023_2240709 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11356_015_5757_z crossref_primary_10_1002_ceat_201100534 crossref_primary_10_1016_S1003_9953_11_60421_0 crossref_primary_10_1021_ie2030213 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijhydene_2015_06_016 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_nxsust_2024_100033 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_enconman_2021_114181 crossref_primary_10_1021_ef1017576 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apcatb_2013_12_012 crossref_primary_10_3390_e25071098
Cites_doi	10.1016/S1385-8947(03)00186-4 10.1016/j.jcat.2004.04.034 10.1016/0021-9517(85)90314-8 10.1016/j.ces.2004.07.039 10.1063/1.1744264 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.02.024 10.1016/S1566-7367(03)00051-7 10.1016/j.cattod.2007.01.062 10.1016/0360-3199(91)90166-G 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.09.071 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.10.024 10.1016/j.cattod.2004.12.005 10.1016/j.apcata.2004.03.052 10.1016/0021-9517(72)90170-4 10.1016/S0378-7753(00)00498-5 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.12.012 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2005.04.004 10.1021/ie00044a020 10.1016/S0920-5861(02)00057-3 10.1021/i200018a010 10.1016/S0892-6875(01)00007-3 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.02.046 10.1016/0360-3199(95)00030-H 10.1021/ie0496333 10.1016/S0360-3199(03)00052-1 10.1287/inte.28.5.29
ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	2009 International Association for Hydrogen Energy 2009 INIST-CNRS
Copyright_xml	– notice: 2009 International Association for Hydrogen Energy – notice: 2009 INIST-CNRS
DBID	IQODW AAYXX CITATION 7SP 8FD L7M
DOI	10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029
DatabaseName	Pascal-Francis CrossRef Electronics & Communications Abstracts Technology Research Database Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace
DatabaseTitle	CrossRef Technology Research Database Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace Electronics & Communications Abstracts
DatabaseTitleList	Technology Research Database
DeliveryMethod	fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline	Engineering Applied Sciences
EISSN	1879-3487
EndPage	4330
ExternalDocumentID	10_1016_j_ijhydene_2009_03_029 21615651 S0360319909004376
GroupedDBID	--K --M .~1 0R~ 1B1 1~. 1~5 29J 4.4 457 4G. 5GY 5VS 7-5 71M 8P~ 9JN AABNK AABXZ AACTN AAEDT AAEDW AAHCO AAIAV AAIKJ AAKOC AALRI AAOAW AAQFI AAQXK AARJD AARLI AAXUO ABFNM ABJNI ABMAC ABXDB ABYKQ ACDAQ ACGFS ACNNM ACRLP ADBBV ADECG ADEZE ADMUD AEBSH AEKER AENEX AEZYN AFKWA AFRZQ AFTJW AFZHZ AGHFR AGUBO AGYEJ AHHHB AHIDL AIEXJ AIKHN AITUG AJBFU AJOXV AJSZI ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMFUW AMRAJ ASPBG AVWKF AXJTR AZFZN BELTK BKOJK BLXMC CS3 DU5 EBS EFJIC EFLBG EJD EO8 EO9 EP2 EP3 F5P FDB FEDTE FGOYB FIRID FLBIZ FNPLU FYGXN G-2 G-Q GBLVA HVGLF HZ~ IHE J1W JARJE KOM LY6 M41 MO0 N9A O-L O9- OAUVE OZT P-8 P-9 P2P PC. Q38 R2- RIG RNS ROL RPZ SAC SCB SCC SDF SDG SES SEW SPC SPCBC SSK SSM SSR SSZ T5K T9H TN5 WUQ XPP ZMT ~G- AALMO ABPIF ABPTK ADALY IPNFZ IQODW AAXKI AAYXX AFJKZ AKRWK CITATION 7SP 8FD L7M
ID	FETCH-LOGICAL-c374t-f84eedd483d58bd2f698f6b62f1589514ca3dcafac5c590f3d87cc204c53c7d73
ISSN	0360-3199
IngestDate	Sat Oct 26 01:39:23 EDT 2024 Thu Sep 26 17:35:57 EDT 2024 Fri Nov 25 01:05:12 EST 2022 Fri Feb 23 02:27:27 EST 2024
IsPeerReviewed	true
IsScholarly	true
Issue	10
Keywords	Chemical equilibrium Carbon deposition Thermodynamic analysis Ethanol steam reforming Gibbs energy minimization method Gibbs free energy Ethanol Theoretical study Deposit formation Steam reforming Hydrogen production
Language	English
License	CC BY 4.0
LinkModel	OpenURL
MergedId	FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c374t-f84eedd483d58bd2f698f6b62f1589514ca3dcafac5c590f3d87cc204c53c7d73
Notes	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23
PQID	901683314
PQPubID	23500
PageCount	10
ParticipantIDs	proquest_miscellaneous_901683314 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijhydene_2009_03_029 pascalfrancis_primary_21615651 elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_ijhydene_2009_03_029
PublicationCentury	2000
PublicationDate	2009-05-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD	2009-05-01
PublicationDate_xml	– month: 05 year: 2009 text: 2009-05-01 day: 01
PublicationDecade	2000
PublicationPlace	Kidlington
PublicationPlace_xml	– name: Kidlington
PublicationTitle	International journal of hydrogen energy
PublicationYear	2009
Publisher	Elsevier Ltd Elsevier
Publisher_xml	– name: Elsevier Ltd – name: Elsevier
References	McDonald, Floudas (bib27) 1995; 34 Benito, Sanz, Isabel, Padilla, Arjona, Daza (bib13) 2005; 151 Fatsikostas, Kondarides, Verykios (bib2) 2002; 75 Kubaschewski, Alcock, Spencer (bib21) 1993 Smith, Missen (bib32) 1982 Garcia, Laborde (bib4) 1991; 16 Freni, Cavallaro, Mondello, Spadaro, Frusteri (bib1) 2003; 4 Fylstra, Lasdon, Watson, Waren (bib14) 1998; 28 Reklaitis, Ravindran, Ragsdell (bib25) 1983 Edgar, Himmelblau (bib24) 1988 Vizcaíno, Arena, Baronetti, Carrero, Calles, Laborde (bib19) 2008; 33 Frusteri, Freni, Chiodo, Spadaro, Di Blasi, Bonura, Cavallaro (bib30) 2004; 270 Fatsikostas, Verykios (bib18) 2004; 225 Vasudeva, Mitra, Umasankar, Dhingra (bib5) 1996; 21 Lwin (bib15) 2000; 16 Lisboa, Santos, Passos, Noronha (bib31) 2005; 101 Rossi, Alonso, Antunes, Guirardello, Cardozo-Filho (bib28) 2009; 34 Ioannides (bib17) 2001; 92 Mariño, Boveri, Baronetti, Laborde (bib12) 2004; 29 Rostrup-Nielsen (bib7) 1972; 27 White, Johnson, Danzig (bib26) 1958; 28 Sandler (bib23) 1999 Alberton, Souza, Schmal (bib3) 2007; 123 Nguyen, Tran (bib16) 2001; 14 Mas, Kipreos, Amadeo, Laborde (bib6) 2006; 31 Knacke, Kubaschewski, Hesselmann (bib22) 1991 Ginsburg, Piña, Solh, Lasa (bib10) 2005; 44 Assabumrungrat, Pavarajarn, Charojrochkul, Laosiripojana (bib34) 2004; 59 Rostrup-Nielsen, Hojlund (bib33) 1985 Frusteri, Freni, Chiodo, Donato, Bonura, Cavallaro (bib20) 2006; 31 Bokx, Kock, Boellaard, Klop, Geus (bib9) 1985; 96 Comas, Mariño, Laborde, Amadeo (bib11) 2004; 98 Manning, Garmirian, Reid (bib8) 1982; 21 Vizcaíno, Carrero, Calles (bib29) 2007; 32 Bokx (10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib9) 1985; 96 Vizcaíno (10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib19) 2008; 33 Ginsburg (10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib10) 2005; 44 Fylstra (10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib14) 1998; 28 Lwin (10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib15) 2000; 16 Kubaschewski (10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib21) 1993 Rostrup-Nielsen (10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib7) 1972; 27 Rostrup-Nielsen (10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib33) 1985 Vizcaíno (10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib29) 2007; 32 Ioannides (10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib17) 2001; 92 Frusteri (10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib30) 2004; 270 Knacke (10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib22) 1991 White (10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib26) 1958; 28 Vasudeva (10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib5) 1996; 21 Nguyen (10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib16) 2001; 14 Lisboa (10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib31) 2005; 101 McDonald (10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib27) 1995; 34 Alberton (10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib3) 2007; 123 Comas (10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib11) 2004; 98 Sandler (10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib23) 1999 Garcia (10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib4) 1991; 16 Freni (10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib1) 2003; 4 Benito (10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib13) 2005; 151 Mariño (10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib12) 2004; 29 Rossi (10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib28) 2009; 34 Mas (10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib6) 2006; 31 Smith (10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib32) 1982 Edgar (10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib24) 1988 Fatsikostas (10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib2) 2002; 75 Fatsikostas (10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib18) 2004; 225 Assabumrungrat (10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib34) 2004; 59 Reklaitis (10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib25) 1983 Manning (10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib8) 1982; 21 Frusteri (10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib20) 2006; 31
References_xml	– volume: 16 start-page: 307 year: 1991 end-page: 312 ident: bib4 article-title: Hydrogen production by the steam reforming of ethanol: thermodynamic analysis publication-title: Int J Hydrogen Energy contributor: fullname: Laborde – volume: 59 start-page: 6015 year: 2004 end-page: 6020 ident: bib34 article-title: Thermodynamic analysis for a solid oxide fuel cell with direct internal reforming fueled ethanol publication-title: Chem Eng Sci contributor: fullname: Laosiripojana – volume: 4 start-page: 259 year: 2003 end-page: 268 ident: bib1 article-title: Production of hydrogen for MC fuel cell by steam reforming of ethanol over MgO supported Ni and Co catalysts publication-title: Catal Commun contributor: fullname: Frusteri – volume: 123 start-page: 257 year: 2007 end-page: 264 ident: bib3 article-title: Carbon formation and its influence on ethanol steam reforming over Ni/Al2O3 catalysts publication-title: Catal Today contributor: fullname: Schmal – volume: 225 start-page: 439 year: 2004 end-page: 452 ident: bib18 article-title: Reaction network of steam reforming of ethanol over Ni-based catalysts publication-title: J Catal contributor: fullname: Verykios – volume: 28 start-page: 751 year: 1958 end-page: 755 ident: bib26 article-title: Chemical equilibrium in complex mixtures publication-title: J Chem Phys contributor: fullname: Danzig – volume: 28 start-page: 29 year: 1998 end-page: 55 ident: bib14 article-title: Design and use of the Microsoft Excel Solver publication-title: Interfaces contributor: fullname: Waren – start-page: 57 year: 1985 ident: bib33 publication-title: Deactivation and poisoning of catalyst contributor: fullname: Hojlund – volume: 16 start-page: 335 year: 2000 end-page: 339 ident: bib15 article-title: Chemical equilibrium by Gibbs energy minimization on spreadsheets publication-title: Int J Eng contributor: fullname: Lwin – volume: 21 start-page: 404 year: 1982 end-page: 409 ident: bib8 article-title: Carbon deposition studies using nickel and cobalt catalysts publication-title: Ind Eng Chem Proc Des Dev contributor: fullname: Reid – volume: 32 start-page: 1450 year: 2007 end-page: 1461 ident: bib29 article-title: Hydrogen production by ethanol steam reforming over Cu–Ni supported catalysts publication-title: Int J Hydrogen Energy contributor: fullname: Calles – volume: 151 start-page: 11 year: 2005 end-page: 17 ident: bib13 article-title: Bio-ethanol steam reforming: insights on the mechanism for hydrogen production publication-title: J Power Sources contributor: fullname: Daza – year: 1991 ident: bib22 article-title: Thermochemical properties of inorganic substances contributor: fullname: Hesselmann – volume: 44 start-page: 4846 year: 2005 end-page: 4854 ident: bib10 article-title: Coke formation over a nickel catalyst under methane dry reforming conditions: thermodynamics and kinetics models publication-title: Ind Eng Chem Res contributor: fullname: Lasa – volume: 98 start-page: 61 year: 2004 end-page: 68 ident: bib11 article-title: Bio-ethanol steam reforming on Ni/Al publication-title: Chem Eng J contributor: fullname: Amadeo – volume: 14 start-page: 359 year: 2001 end-page: 364 ident: bib16 article-title: A simple method for predicting equilibrium composition on leaching systems publication-title: Miner Eng contributor: fullname: Tran – year: 1983 ident: bib25 article-title: Engineering optimization, methods and applications contributor: fullname: Ragsdell – volume: 270 start-page: 1 year: 2004 end-page: 7 ident: bib30 article-title: Steam reforming of bio-ethanol on alkali-doped Ni/MgO catalysts: hydrogen production for MC fuel cell publication-title: Appl Catal A Gen contributor: fullname: Cavallaro – volume: 31 start-page: 2193 year: 2006 end-page: 2199 ident: bib20 article-title: Steam and auto-thermal reforming of bio-ethanol over MgO and CeO publication-title: Int J Hydrogen Energy contributor: fullname: Cavallaro – volume: 75 start-page: 145 year: 2002 end-page: 155 ident: bib2 article-title: Production of hydrogen for fuel cells by reformation of biomass-derived ethanol publication-title: Catal Today contributor: fullname: Verykios – year: 1999 ident: bib23 article-title: Chemical and engineering thermodynamics contributor: fullname: Sandler – year: 1988 ident: bib24 article-title: Optimization of chemical processes contributor: fullname: Himmelblau – volume: 27 start-page: 343 year: 1972 end-page: 356 ident: bib7 article-title: Equilibria of decomposition reactions of carbon monoxide and methane over nickel catalysts publication-title: J Catal contributor: fullname: Rostrup-Nielsen – year: 1982 ident: bib32 article-title: Chemical reaction equilibrium analysis: theory and algorithms contributor: fullname: Missen – volume: 101 start-page: 15 year: 2005 end-page: 21 ident: bib31 article-title: Influence of the addition of promoters to steam reforming catalysts publication-title: Catal Today contributor: fullname: Noronha – volume: 92 start-page: 17 year: 2001 end-page: 25 ident: bib17 article-title: Thermodynamic analysis of ethanol processors for fuel cell applications publication-title: J Power Sources contributor: fullname: Ioannides – volume: 31 start-page: 21 year: 2006 end-page: 28 ident: bib6 article-title: Thermodynamic analysis of ethanol/water system with the stoichiometric method publication-title: Int J Hydrogen Energy contributor: fullname: Laborde – volume: 34 start-page: 1674 year: 1995 end-page: 1687 ident: bib27 article-title: Global optimization and analysis for Gibbs energy function using the UNIFAC, Wilson e ASOG equations publication-title: Ind Eng Chem Res contributor: fullname: Floudas – volume: 33 start-page: 3489 year: 2008 end-page: 3492 ident: bib19 article-title: Ethanol steam reforming on Ni/Al publication-title: Int J Hydrogen Energy contributor: fullname: Laborde – volume: 34 start-page: 323 year: 2009 end-page: 332 ident: bib28 article-title: Thermodynamic analysis of steam reforming of ethanol and glycerine for hydrogen production publication-title: Int J Hydrogen Energy contributor: fullname: Cardozo-Filho – volume: 29 start-page: 67 year: 2004 end-page: 71 ident: bib12 article-title: Hydrogen production via catalytic gasification of ethanol. A mechanism proposal over copper-nickel catalysts publication-title: Int J Hydrogen Energy contributor: fullname: Laborde – volume: 96 start-page: 454 year: 1985 end-page: 467 ident: bib9 article-title: The formation of filamentous carbon on iron and nickel catalysts: thermodynamics publication-title: J Catal contributor: fullname: Geus – year: 1993 ident: bib21 article-title: Materials thermochemistry contributor: fullname: Spencer – volume: 21 start-page: 13 year: 1996 end-page: 18 ident: bib5 article-title: Steam reforming of ethanol for hydrogen production: thermodynamic analysis publication-title: Int J Hydrogen Energy contributor: fullname: Dhingra – volume: 98 start-page: 61 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib11 article-title: Bio-ethanol steam reforming on Ni/Al2O3 catalyst publication-title: Chem Eng J doi: 10.1016/S1385-8947(03)00186-4 contributor: fullname: Comas – volume: 225 start-page: 439 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib18 article-title: Reaction network of steam reforming of ethanol over Ni-based catalysts publication-title: J Catal doi: 10.1016/j.jcat.2004.04.034 contributor: fullname: Fatsikostas – volume: 96 start-page: 454 year: 1985 ident: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib9 article-title: The formation of filamentous carbon on iron and nickel catalysts: thermodynamics publication-title: J Catal doi: 10.1016/0021-9517(85)90314-8 contributor: fullname: Bokx – year: 1982 ident: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib32 contributor: fullname: Smith – volume: 59 start-page: 6015 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib34 article-title: Thermodynamic analysis for a solid oxide fuel cell with direct internal reforming fueled ethanol publication-title: Chem Eng Sci doi: 10.1016/j.ces.2004.07.039 contributor: fullname: Assabumrungrat – volume: 28 start-page: 751 year: 1958 ident: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib26 article-title: Chemical equilibrium in complex mixtures publication-title: J Chem Phys doi: 10.1063/1.1744264 contributor: fullname: White – volume: 31 start-page: 2193 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib20 article-title: Steam and auto-thermal reforming of bio-ethanol over MgO and CeO2 Ni supported catalysts publication-title: Int J Hydrogen Energy doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.02.024 contributor: fullname: Frusteri – volume: 4 start-page: 259 year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib1 article-title: Production of hydrogen for MC fuel cell by steam reforming of ethanol over MgO supported Ni and Co catalysts publication-title: Catal Commun doi: 10.1016/S1566-7367(03)00051-7 contributor: fullname: Freni – year: 1999 ident: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib23 contributor: fullname: Sandler – volume: 123 start-page: 257 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib3 article-title: Carbon formation and its influence on ethanol steam reforming over Ni/Al2O3 catalysts publication-title: Catal Today doi: 10.1016/j.cattod.2007.01.062 contributor: fullname: Alberton – volume: 16 start-page: 307 year: 1991 ident: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib4 article-title: Hydrogen production by the steam reforming of ethanol: thermodynamic analysis publication-title: Int J Hydrogen Energy doi: 10.1016/0360-3199(91)90166-G contributor: fullname: Garcia – volume: 34 start-page: 323 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib28 article-title: Thermodynamic analysis of steam reforming of ethanol and glycerine for hydrogen production publication-title: Int J Hydrogen Energy doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.09.071 contributor: fullname: Rossi – volume: 32 start-page: 1450 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib29 article-title: Hydrogen production by ethanol steam reforming over Cu–Ni supported catalysts publication-title: Int J Hydrogen Energy doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.10.024 contributor: fullname: Vizcaíno – volume: 101 start-page: 15 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib31 article-title: Influence of the addition of promoters to steam reforming catalysts publication-title: Catal Today doi: 10.1016/j.cattod.2004.12.005 contributor: fullname: Lisboa – volume: 270 start-page: 1 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib30 article-title: Steam reforming of bio-ethanol on alkali-doped Ni/MgO catalysts: hydrogen production for MC fuel cell publication-title: Appl Catal A Gen doi: 10.1016/j.apcata.2004.03.052 contributor: fullname: Frusteri – volume: 27 start-page: 343 year: 1972 ident: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib7 article-title: Equilibria of decomposition reactions of carbon monoxide and methane over nickel catalysts publication-title: J Catal doi: 10.1016/0021-9517(72)90170-4 contributor: fullname: Rostrup-Nielsen – volume: 92 start-page: 17 year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib17 article-title: Thermodynamic analysis of ethanol processors for fuel cell applications publication-title: J Power Sources doi: 10.1016/S0378-7753(00)00498-5 contributor: fullname: Ioannides – volume: 33 start-page: 3489 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib19 article-title: Ethanol steam reforming on Ni/Al2O3 catalysts: effect of Mg addition publication-title: Int J Hydrogen Energy doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.12.012 contributor: fullname: Vizcaíno – volume: 31 start-page: 21 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib6 article-title: Thermodynamic analysis of ethanol/water system with the stoichiometric method publication-title: Int J Hydrogen Energy doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2005.04.004 contributor: fullname: Mas – volume: 34 start-page: 1674 year: 1995 ident: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib27 article-title: Global optimization and analysis for Gibbs energy function using the UNIFAC, Wilson e ASOG equations publication-title: Ind Eng Chem Res doi: 10.1021/ie00044a020 contributor: fullname: McDonald – volume: 75 start-page: 145 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib2 article-title: Production of hydrogen for fuel cells by reformation of biomass-derived ethanol publication-title: Catal Today doi: 10.1016/S0920-5861(02)00057-3 contributor: fullname: Fatsikostas – year: 1991 ident: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib22 contributor: fullname: Knacke – volume: 21 start-page: 404 year: 1982 ident: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib8 article-title: Carbon deposition studies using nickel and cobalt catalysts publication-title: Ind Eng Chem Proc Des Dev doi: 10.1021/i200018a010 contributor: fullname: Manning – volume: 14 start-page: 359 year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib16 article-title: A simple method for predicting equilibrium composition on leaching systems publication-title: Miner Eng doi: 10.1016/S0892-6875(01)00007-3 contributor: fullname: Nguyen – start-page: 57 year: 1985 ident: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib33 contributor: fullname: Rostrup-Nielsen – volume: 151 start-page: 11 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib13 article-title: Bio-ethanol steam reforming: insights on the mechanism for hydrogen production publication-title: J Power Sources doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.02.046 contributor: fullname: Benito – year: 1988 ident: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib24 contributor: fullname: Edgar – volume: 16 start-page: 335 year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib15 article-title: Chemical equilibrium by Gibbs energy minimization on spreadsheets publication-title: Int J Eng contributor: fullname: Lwin – volume: 21 start-page: 13 year: 1996 ident: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib5 article-title: Steam reforming of ethanol for hydrogen production: thermodynamic analysis publication-title: Int J Hydrogen Energy doi: 10.1016/0360-3199(95)00030-H contributor: fullname: Vasudeva – year: 1993 ident: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib21 contributor: fullname: Kubaschewski – volume: 44 start-page: 4846 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib10 article-title: Coke formation over a nickel catalyst under methane dry reforming conditions: thermodynamics and kinetics models publication-title: Ind Eng Chem Res doi: 10.1021/ie0496333 contributor: fullname: Ginsburg – volume: 29 start-page: 67 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib12 article-title: Hydrogen production via catalytic gasification of ethanol. A mechanism proposal over copper-nickel catalysts publication-title: Int J Hydrogen Energy doi: 10.1016/S0360-3199(03)00052-1 contributor: fullname: Mariño – year: 1983 ident: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib25 contributor: fullname: Reklaitis – volume: 28 start-page: 29 year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029_bib14 article-title: Design and use of the Microsoft Excel Solver publication-title: Interfaces doi: 10.1287/inte.28.5.29 contributor: fullname: Fylstra
SSID	ssj0017049
Score	2.339532
Snippet	In this paper, a thermodynamic analysis of ethanol/water system, using the Gibbs energy minimization method, has been carried out. A mathematical relationship...
SourceID	proquest crossref pascalfrancis elsevier
SourceType	Aggregation Database Index Database Publisher
StartPage	4321
SubjectTerms	Alternative fuels. Production and utilization Applied sciences Carbon Carbon deposition Chemical equilibrium Contact Energy Ethanol Ethanol steam reforming Ethyl alcohol Ethylene Exact sciences and technology Fuels Gibbs energy minimization method Hydrogen Mathematical analysis Mathematical models Thermodynamic analysis Thermodynamics
Title	Thermodynamic analysis of ethanol steam reforming using Gibbs energy minimization method: A detailed study of the conditions of carbon deposition
URI	https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.029 https://search.proquest.com/docview/901683314
Volume	34
hasFullText	1
inHoldings	1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link	http://sdu.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1bb9MwFLa67QWEEFdRLpMfeIsykthJHN5KKWyI8dIh7S1ybKdL1TZTL5P4GfxjjmM7STUQIMRLVDltnOZ8Oefz8bkg9BpsOlUyKnwJxtkHhRf6wFq5L2GUEl0wrYkmPJ2mXy7Z-wmdDAauhWo39l8lDWMga505-xfSbi8KA_AZZA5HkDoc_1Tu62UtTaN5j_dqjijtJa91eojiSw8sY63jYGbernEXfKyKYuMpkwqoC44sbYambTJtUthNxCmQ1I0rRq2JK6ypZdWG1Am-LuomxtYGhPUJ8L4Hsle34uqbXNcz3XOguYU2UKhack9yb1otbowLeNGLBDjni5JvTUTC2Oz5Lyr4vtKEfNZanHN96t3YZT2eyd1NtdbFLT7XOotj3_WRdYGGxh_ncnK6ACiTB6Yti2m7dKKMWmdp5hNqTbvV-9aJavEd9LQ4JSZr2zICSszW0S1rYxwf85NqDs8Ino4tf0pOAuvF2a_kPdW3pu8syJqSUskBOopAP4J6PhqdTS4_tdtfqV23ub_SS23_-Wy_YlX3rvkG3vXSNGm5xTcaEnXxAN23qx88MrB9iAZq9Qjd7dXEfIy-7wEYOwDjusQWwLgBMG4BjBsA4wbA2KAH9wGMDYDf4hF28MUNfPU1Ab64g68eMfDFHXyfoK8fJhfjU9_2DfEFSenWLxkF5icpIzJmhYzKJGNlUiRRGcYMVhRUcCIFL7mIRZwFJZEsFSIKqIiJSGVKnqLDVb1SzxCmDFY0AgxXwhTNJGOgvYQqKOGhVGmYDNEb99zza1MeJndxk_PcSUr3es3ygOQgqSHKnHhyS3INec0BVb_97fGePNspI71uS-JwiLATcA5mQu_98ZWqd5scaH_CCAnp83-Y_wW6072GL9Hhdr1Tr9DBRu6OLYJ_ALdk64I
link.rule.ids	315,782,786,27933,27934
linkProvider	Elsevier
openUrl	ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Thermodynamic+analysis+of+ethanol+steam+reforming+using+Gibbs+energy+minimization+method%3A+A+detailed+study+of+the+conditions+of+carbon+deposition&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+hydrogen+energy&rft.au=Lima+da+Silva%2C+Aline&rft.au=Malfatti%2C+C%C3%A9lia+de+Fraga&rft.au=M%C3%BCller%2C+Iduvirges+Lourdes&rft.date=2009-05-01&rft.pub=Elsevier+Ltd&rft.issn=0360-3199&rft.eissn=1879-3487&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=4321&rft.epage=4330&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ijhydene.2009.03.029&rft.externalDocID=S0360319909004376
thumbnail_l	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0360-3199&client=summon
thumbnail_m	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0360-3199&client=summon
thumbnail_s	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0360-3199&client=summon