Effects of co-existing microalgae and grazers on the production of hemolytic toxins in Karenia mikimotoi
Karenia mikimotoi （Miyake ＆ Kominami ex Oda） Hansen ＆ Moestrup is associated with harmful algal blooms in temperate and subtropical zones of the world. The hemolytic substances produced by K. mikimotoi are thought to cause mortality in fishes and invertebrates. We evaluated the composition of the he...
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| Published in: | Chinese journal of oceanology and limnology Vol. 29; no. 6; pp. 1155 - 1163 |
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| Abstract | Karenia mikimotoi （Miyake ＆ Kominami ex Oda） Hansen ＆ Moestrup is associated with harmful algal blooms in temperate and subtropical zones of the world. The hemolytic substances produced by K. mikimotoi are thought to cause mortality in fishes and invertebrates. We evaluated the composition of the hemolytic toxin produced by K. mikimotoi cultured in the laboratory using thin-layer chromatography. In addition, we evaluated the effect of co-occuring algae （Prorocentrum donghaiense and Alexandrium tamarense） and the cladoceran grazer Moina mongoliea on hemolytic toxin production in K. mikimotoi. The hemolytic toxins from K. mikimotoi were a mixture of 2 liposaccharides and 1 lipid. Waterborne clues from P. donghaiense and A. tamarense inhibited the growth of K. mikimotoi but increased the production of hemolytic toxins. Conversely, K. mikimotoi strongly inhibited the growth of caged P. donghaiense and A. tamarense. In addition, the ingestion of K. mikimotoi by M. mongolica induced the production of hemolytic toxins in K. mikimotoi. Taken together, our results suggest that the presence of other microalgae and grazers may be as important as environmental factors for controlling the production of hemolytic substances. K. mikimotoi secreted allelochemicals other than unstable fatty acids with hemolytic activity. The production of hemolytic toxins in dinofiagellates was not only dependent on resource availability, but also on the risk of predation. Hemolytic toxins likely play an important role as chemical deterrents secreted by K. mikimotoi. |
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| AbstractList | Karenia mikimotoi
(Miyake & Kominami ex Oda) Hansen & Moestrup is associated with harmful algal blooms in temperate and subtropical zones of the world. The hemolytic substances produced by
K. mikimotoi
are thought to cause mortality in fishes and invertebrates. We evaluated the composition of the hemolytic toxin produced by
K. mikimotoi
cultured in the laboratory using thin-layer chromatography. In addition, we evaluated the effect of co-occuring algae (
Prorocentrum donghaiense
and
Alexandrium tamarense
) and the cladoceran grazer
Moina mongolica
on hemolytic toxin production in
K. mikimotoi
. The hemolytic toxins from
K. mikimotoi
were a mixture of 2 liposaccharides and 1 lipid. Waterborne clues from
P. donghaiense
and
A. tamarense
inhibited the growth of
K. mikimotoi
but increased the production of hemolytic toxins. Conversely,
K. mikimotoi
strongly inhibited the growth of caged
P. donghaiense
and
A. tamarense
. In addition, the ingestion of
K. mikimotoi
by
M. mongolica
induced the production of hemolytic toxins in
K. mikimotoi
. Taken together, our results suggest that the presence of other microalgae and grazers may be as important as environmental factors for controlling the production of hemolytic substances.
K. mikimotoi
secreted allelochemicals other than unstable fatty acids with hemolytic activity. The production of hemolytic toxins in dinoflagellates was not only dependent on resource availability, but also on the risk of predation. Hemolytic toxins likely play an important role as chemical deterrents secreted by
K. mikimotoi
. Karenia mikimotoi （Miyake ＆ Kominami ex Oda） Hansen ＆ Moestrup is associated with harmful algal blooms in temperate and subtropical zones of the world. The hemolytic substances produced by K. mikimotoi are thought to cause mortality in fishes and invertebrates. We evaluated the composition of the hemolytic toxin produced by K. mikimotoi cultured in the laboratory using thin-layer chromatography. In addition, we evaluated the effect of co-occuring algae （Prorocentrum donghaiense and Alexandrium tamarense） and the cladoceran grazer Moina mongoliea on hemolytic toxin production in K. mikimotoi. The hemolytic toxins from K. mikimotoi were a mixture of 2 liposaccharides and 1 lipid. Waterborne clues from P. donghaiense and A. tamarense inhibited the growth of K. mikimotoi but increased the production of hemolytic toxins. Conversely, K. mikimotoi strongly inhibited the growth of caged P. donghaiense and A. tamarense. In addition, the ingestion of K. mikimotoi by M. mongolica induced the production of hemolytic toxins in K. mikimotoi. Taken together, our results suggest that the presence of other microalgae and grazers may be as important as environmental factors for controlling the production of hemolytic substances. K. mikimotoi secreted allelochemicals other than unstable fatty acids with hemolytic activity. The production of hemolytic toxins in dinofiagellates was not only dependent on resource availability, but also on the risk of predation. Hemolytic toxins likely play an important role as chemical deterrents secreted by K. mikimotoi. Karenia mikimotoi (Miyake & Kominami ex Oda) Hansen & Moestrup is associated with harmful algal blooms in temperate and subtropical zones of the world. The hemolytic substances produced by K. mikimotoi are thought to cause mortality in fishes and invertebrates. We evaluated the composition of the hemolytic toxin produced by K. mikimotoi cultured in the laboratory using thin-layer chromatography. In addition, we evaluated the effect of co-occuring algae (Prorocentrum donghaiense and Alexandrium tamarense) and the cladoceran grazer Moina mongolica on hemolytic toxin production in K. mikimotoi. The hemolytic toxins from K. mikimotoi were a mixture of 2 liposaccharides and 1 lipid. Waterborne clues from P. donghaiense and A. tamarense inhibited the growth of K. mikimotoi but increased the production of hemolytic toxins. Conversely, K. mikimotoi strongly inhibited the growth of caged P. donghaiense and A. tamarense. In addition, the ingestion of K. mikimotoi by M. mongolica induced the production of hemolytic toxins in K. mikimotoi. Taken together, our results suggest that the presence of other microalgae and grazers may be as important as environmental factors for controlling the production of hemolytic substances. K. mikimotoi secreted allelochemicals other than unstable fatty acids with hemolytic activity. The production of hemolytic toxins in dinoflagellates was not only dependent on resource availability, but also on the risk of predation. Hemolytic toxins likely play an important role as chemical deterrents secreted by K. mikimotoi. |
| Author | 杨维东 张乃升 崔伟民 徐艳艳 李宏业 刘洁生 |
| AuthorAffiliation | GuangdongHigherEducationKeyLaboratoryofEutrophicationandRedTideControl；CollegeofLifeSciencesandTechnology,坍＂口”University,Guangzhou510632,China |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1039_c3np70056a crossref_primary_10_1016_j_hal_2015_10_009 crossref_primary_10_3390_md15070232 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_marpolbul_2020_111400 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11356_023_29968_7 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_hal_2019_101702 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_hal_2016_11_011 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00343_019_8088_y crossref_primary_10_1007_s10646_023_02686_z crossref_primary_10_1111_jeu_12201 |
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| Copyright | Chinese Society for Oceanology and Limnology, Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 Chinese Society for Oceanology and Limnology, Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011. |
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| Notes | YANG Weidong , ZHANG Naisheng , CUI Weimin , XU Yanyan , LI Hongye , LIU Jiesheng Guangdong Higher Education Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Control; College of Life Sciences and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China Karenia mikimotoi （Miyake ＆ Kominami ex Oda） Hansen ＆ Moestrup is associated with harmful algal blooms in temperate and subtropical zones of the world. The hemolytic substances produced by K. mikimotoi are thought to cause mortality in fishes and invertebrates. We evaluated the composition of the hemolytic toxin produced by K. mikimotoi cultured in the laboratory using thin-layer chromatography. In addition, we evaluated the effect of co-occuring algae （Prorocentrum donghaiense and Alexandrium tamarense） and the cladoceran grazer Moina mongoliea on hemolytic toxin production in K. mikimotoi. The hemolytic toxins from K. mikimotoi were a mixture of 2 liposaccharides and 1 lipid. Waterborne clues from P. donghaiense and A. tamarense inhibited the growth of K. mikimotoi but increased the production of hemolytic toxins. Conversely, K. mikimotoi strongly inhibited the growth of caged P. donghaiense and A. tamarense. In addition, the ingestion of K. mikimotoi by M. mongolica induced the production of hemolytic toxins in K. mikimotoi. Taken together, our results suggest that the presence of other microalgae and grazers may be as important as environmental factors for controlling the production of hemolytic substances. K. mikimotoi secreted allelochemicals other than unstable fatty acids with hemolytic activity. The production of hemolytic toxins in dinofiagellates was not only dependent on resource availability, but also on the risk of predation. Hemolytic toxins likely play an important role as chemical deterrents secreted by K. mikimotoi. 37-1150/P Karenia mikimotoi; hemolytic toxin; grazer; Moina mongolica ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
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| PublicationTitle | Chinese journal of oceanology and limnology |
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| Snippet | Karenia mikimotoi （Miyake ＆ Kominami ex Oda） Hansen ＆ Moestrup is associated with harmful algal blooms in temperate and subtropical zones of the world. The... Karenia mikimotoi (Miyake & Kominami ex Oda) Hansen & Moestrup is associated with harmful algal blooms in temperate and subtropical zones of the world. The... Karenia mikimotoi (Miyake & Kominami ex Oda) Hansen & Moestrup is associated with harmful algal blooms in temperate and subtropical zones of the world. The... |
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| SubjectTerms | Alexandrium tamarense Algae Algal blooms Allelochemicals Aquatic microorganisms Biology Chromatography Cladocera Dinoflagellates Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Environmental factors Eutrophication Fatty acids Fish Ingestion Interspecific relationships Karenia mikimotoi Lipids Marine Marine biology Microalgae Moina mongolica Oceanography Phytoplankton Plankton blooms Predation Prorocentrum donghaiense Resource availability Subtropical zones Thin layer chromatography Toxins 东海原甲藻 共存 化感物质 塔玛亚历山大藻 微藻 溶血毒素 生产 食草动物 |
| Title | Effects of co-existing microalgae and grazers on the production of hemolytic toxins in Karenia mikimotoi |
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