Risk factors for development of systemic lupus erythematosus among Japanese females: medical history and reproductive factors

• Published in: International journal of rheumatic diseases Vol. 20; no. 1; pp. 76 - 83
• Main Authors: Washio, Masakazu, Takahashi, Hiroki, Kobashi, Gen, Kiyohara, Chikako, Tada, Yoshifumi, Asami, Toyoko, Ide, Yuichiro, Atsumi, Tatsuya, Horiuchi, Takahiko
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-01-2017
• Subjects: Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Blood transfusion; Blood transfusions; Case-Control Studies; case–control study; Children; Drinking behavior; epidemiology; Female; Females; Health risk assessment; Health Status; Humans; Japan - epidemiology; Life Style; Logistic Models; Lupus; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - diagnosis; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - epidemiology; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - physiopathology; Marital Status; Medical history; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Parity; Protective Factors; Reproduction; Risk Factors; Self Report; Sex Factors; Smoking; Smoking - adverse effects; Surgical Procedures, Operative - adverse effects; Systemic lupus erythematosus; Young Adult; epidemiology; risk factors; systemic lupus erythematosus; case-control study
• ISSN: 1756-1841; 1756-185X
• DOI: 10.1111/1756-185X.12600

Aim
The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of medical history and reproductive factors on the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) among Japanese females.
Methods
One hundred and sixty female SLE patients and 660 female volunteers were studied in a case–control study. Unconditional logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results
The present study demonstrated that medical histories of operations without blood transfusion (OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.10–2.44) and operations with blood transfusion (OR = 4.44, 95% CI = 1.93–10.23) increased the risk of SLE with adjustment for age, region, smoking and alcohol drinking. Among 91 SLE patients and 284 control subjects who had the experience of married life, nulliparity (OR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.05–5.17), increased the risk of SLE, while the risk decreased according to the number of children (one to two vs. none, OR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.10–0.73; three or more vs. none, OR = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.04–0.51; P for trend < 0.01).
Conclusions
Several factors are suggested to be associated with the development of SLE among Japanese females.