MTD, Where Art Thou? A Systematic Review of Moving Target Defense Techniques for IoT

Context: Internet-of-Things (IoT) systems are increasingly deployed in the real world, but their security lags behind the state of the art of non-IoT systems. Moving target defense (MTD) is a cyberdefense paradigm, successfully implemented in conventional systems, that could improve IoT security. Ob...

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Published in:	IEEE internet of things journal Vol. 8; no. 10; pp. 7818 - 7832
Main Authors:	Navas, Renzo E., Cuppens, Frederic, Boulahia Cuppens, Nora, Toutain, Laurent, Papadopoulos, Georgios Z.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Piscataway IEEE 15-05-2021 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects:	Bibliographies Computer Science Cryptography and Security Cyber security Cybersecurity Entropy Entropy (Information theory) Feasibility Foundations Internet of Things Internet of Things (IoT) Literature reviews Measurement metrics moving target defense (MTD) Moving targets Networking and Internet Architecture Proposals Security systematic literature review Systematics Taxonomy Measurement Moving Target Defense Metrics Systematics Cyber Security Bibliographies Taxonomy Systematic Literature Review Entropy Internet of Things
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Abstract	Context: Internet-of-Things (IoT) systems are increasingly deployed in the real world, but their security lags behind the state of the art of non-IoT systems. Moving target defense (MTD) is a cyberdefense paradigm, successfully implemented in conventional systems, that could improve IoT security. Objective: Identify and synthesize existing MTD techniques for IoT and validate the feasibility of MTD as a cybersecurity paradigm suitable for IoT systems. Method: We use a systematic literature review method to search and analyze existing MTD for IoT techniques up to July 2020. We evaluated the existing techniques in terms of security foundations and real-world deployability using the evidence they provide. We define and use entropy-related metrics to categorize them. This is the first MTD survey to use Shannon's entropy metric empirically. Results: Thirty-two distinct MTD for IoT techniques exist: 54% are Network-layer-based, 50% present strong evidence about their real-world deployment, and 64% have weak security foundations. Conclusion: MTD for IoT is a feasible cyberdefense approach. A variety of proposals exist, with evidence about their implementation and evaluation. Nevertheless, the MTD for IoT state of the art is still immature: the security foundations of most existing proposals are weak. Novel techniques should prioritize providing convincing security foundations and real-world deployment evidence.
AbstractList	Context: Internet-of-Things (IoT) systems are increasingly deployed in the real world, but their security lags behind the state of the art of non-IoT systems. Moving target defense (MTD) is a cyberdefense paradigm, successfully implemented in conventional systems, that could improve IoT security. Objective: Identify and synthesize existing MTD techniques for IoT and validate the feasibility of MTD as a cybersecurity paradigm suitable for IoT systems. Method: We use a systematic literature review method to search and analyze existing MTD for IoT techniques up to July 2020. We evaluated the existing techniques in terms of security foundations and real-world deployability using the evidence they provide. We define and use entropy-related metrics to categorize them. This is the first MTD survey to use Shannon's entropy metric empirically. Results: Thirty-two distinct MTD for IoT techniques exist: 54% are Network-layer-based, 50% present strong evidence about their real-world deployment, and 64% have weak security foundations. Conclusion: MTD for IoT is a feasible cyberdefense approach. A variety of proposals exist, with evidence about their implementation and evaluation. Nevertheless, the MTD for IoT state of the art is still immature: the security foundations of most existing proposals are weak. Novel techniques should prioritize providing convincing security foundations and real-world deployment evidence.
Author	Boulahia Cuppens, Nora Papadopoulos, Georgios Z. Navas, Renzo E. Cuppens, Frederic Toutain, Laurent
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Snippet	Context: Internet-of-Things (IoT) systems are increasingly deployed in the real world, but their security lags behind the state of the art of non-IoT systems.... Context: Internet of Things (IoT) systems are increasingly deployed in the real world, but their security lags behind the state of the art of non-IoT systems....
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SubjectTerms	Bibliographies Computer Science Cryptography and Security Cyber security Cybersecurity Entropy Entropy (Information theory) Feasibility Foundations Internet of Things Internet of Things (IoT) Literature reviews Measurement metrics moving target defense (MTD) Moving targets Networking and Internet Architecture Proposals Security systematic literature review Systematics Taxonomy
Title	MTD, Where Art Thou? A Systematic Review of Moving Target Defense Techniques for IoT
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