Elucidation of Medusozoan (Jellyfish) Venom Constituent Activities Using Constellation Pharmacology

Within the phylum Cnidaria, sea anemones (class Anthozoa) express a rich diversity of ion-channel peptide modulators with biomedical applications, but corollary discoveries from jellyfish (subphylum Medusozoa) are lacking. To bridge this gap, bioactivities of previously unexplored proteinaceous and...

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Published in:Toxins Vol. 16; no. 10; p. 447
Main Authors: Yanagihara, Angel A, Giglio, Matías L, Hurwitz, Kikiana, Kadler, Raechel, Espino, Samuel S, Raghuraman, Shrinivasan, Olivera, Baldomero M
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Abstract Within the phylum Cnidaria, sea anemones (class Anthozoa) express a rich diversity of ion-channel peptide modulators with biomedical applications, but corollary discoveries from jellyfish (subphylum Medusozoa) are lacking. To bridge this gap, bioactivities of previously unexplored proteinaceous and small molecular weight (~15 kDa to 5 kDa) venom components were assessed in a mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG) high-content calcium-imaging assay, known as constellation pharmacology. While the addition of crude venom led to nonspecific cell death and Fura-2 signal leakage due to pore-forming activity, purified small molecular weight fractions of venom demonstrated three main, concentration-dependent and reversible effects on defined heterogeneous cell types found in the primary cultures of mouse DRG. These three phenotypic responses are herein referred to as phenotype A, B and C: excitatory amplification (A) or inhibition (B) of KCl-induced calcium signals, and test compound-induced disturbances to baseline calcium levels (C). Most notably, certain venom fractions showed phenotype A effects in all DRG neurons; and fractions predominantly showed phenotype B effects in small- and medium-diameter neurons. Finally, specific and venom components induced direct excitatory responses (phenotype C) in glial cells. These findings demonstrate a diversity of neuroactive compounds in jellyfish venom potentially targeting a constellation of ion channels and ligand-gated receptors with broad physiological implications.
AbstractList Within the phylum Cnidaria, sea anemones (class Anthozoa) express a rich diversity of ion-channel peptide modulators with biomedical applications, but corollary discoveries from jellyfish (subphylum Medusozoa) are lacking. To bridge this gap, bioactivities of previously unexplored proteinaceous and small molecular weight (~15 kDa to 5 kDa) venom components were assessed in a mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG) high-content calcium-imaging assay, known as constellation pharmacology. While the addition of crude venom led to nonspecific cell death and Fura-2 signal leakage due to pore-forming activity, purified small molecular weight fractions of venom demonstrated three main, concentration-dependent and reversible effects on defined heterogeneous cell types found in the primary cultures of mouse DRG. These three phenotypic responses are herein referred to as phenotype A, B and C: excitatory amplification (A) or inhibition (B) of KCl-induced calcium signals, and test compound-induced disturbances to baseline calcium levels (C). Most notably, certain Alatina alata venom fractions showed phenotype A effects in all DRG neurons; Physalia physalis and Chironex fleckeri fractions predominantly showed phenotype B effects in small- and medium-diameter neurons. Finally, specific Physalia physalis and Alatina alata venom components induced direct excitatory responses (phenotype C) in glial cells. These findings demonstrate a diversity of neuroactive compounds in jellyfish venom potentially targeting a constellation of ion channels and ligand-gated receptors with broad physiological implications.
Within the phylum Cnidaria, sea anemones (class Anthozoa) express a rich diversity of ion-channel peptide modulators with biomedical applications, but corollary discoveries from jellyfish (subphylum Medusozoa) are lacking. To bridge this gap, bioactivities of previously unexplored proteinaceous and small molecular weight (~15 kDa to 5 kDa) venom components were assessed in a mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG) high-content calcium-imaging assay, known as constellation pharmacology. While the addition of crude venom led to nonspecific cell death and Fura-2 signal leakage due to pore-forming activity, purified small molecular weight fractions of venom demonstrated three main, concentration-dependent and reversible effects on defined heterogeneous cell types found in the primary cultures of mouse DRG. These three phenotypic responses are herein referred to as phenotype A, B and C: excitatory amplification (A) or inhibition (B) of KCl-induced calcium signals, and test compound-induced disturbances to baseline calcium levels (C). Most notably, certain venom fractions showed phenotype A effects in all DRG neurons; and fractions predominantly showed phenotype B effects in small- and medium-diameter neurons. Finally, specific and venom components induced direct excitatory responses (phenotype C) in glial cells. These findings demonstrate a diversity of neuroactive compounds in jellyfish venom potentially targeting a constellation of ion channels and ligand-gated receptors with broad physiological implications.
Within the phylum Cnidaria, sea anemones (class Anthozoa) express a rich diversity of ion-channel peptide modulators with biomedical applications, but corollary discoveries from jellyfish (subphylum Medusozoa) are lacking. To bridge this gap, bioactivities of previously unexplored proteinaceous and small molecular weight (~15 kDa to 5 kDa) venom components were assessed in a mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG) high-content calcium-imaging assay, known as constellation pharmacology. While the addition of crude venom led to nonspecific cell death and Fura-2 signal leakage due to pore-forming activity, purified small molecular weight fractions of venom demonstrated three main, concentration-dependent and reversible effects on defined heterogeneous cell types found in the primary cultures of mouse DRG. These three phenotypic responses are herein referred to as phenotype A, B and C: excitatory amplification (A) or inhibition (B) of KCl-induced calcium signals, and test compound-induced disturbances to baseline calcium levels (C). Most notably, certain Alatina alata venom fractions showed phenotype A effects in all DRG neurons; Physalia physalis and Chironex fleckeri fractions predominantly showed phenotype B effects in small- and medium-diameter neurons. Finally, specific Physalia physalis and Alatina alata venom components induced direct excitatory responses (phenotype C) in glial cells. These findings demonstrate a diversity of neuroactive compounds in jellyfish venom potentially targeting a constellation of ion channels and ligand-gated receptors with broad physiological implications.Within the phylum Cnidaria, sea anemones (class Anthozoa) express a rich diversity of ion-channel peptide modulators with biomedical applications, but corollary discoveries from jellyfish (subphylum Medusozoa) are lacking. To bridge this gap, bioactivities of previously unexplored proteinaceous and small molecular weight (~15 kDa to 5 kDa) venom components were assessed in a mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG) high-content calcium-imaging assay, known as constellation pharmacology. While the addition of crude venom led to nonspecific cell death and Fura-2 signal leakage due to pore-forming activity, purified small molecular weight fractions of venom demonstrated three main, concentration-dependent and reversible effects on defined heterogeneous cell types found in the primary cultures of mouse DRG. These three phenotypic responses are herein referred to as phenotype A, B and C: excitatory amplification (A) or inhibition (B) of KCl-induced calcium signals, and test compound-induced disturbances to baseline calcium levels (C). Most notably, certain Alatina alata venom fractions showed phenotype A effects in all DRG neurons; Physalia physalis and Chironex fleckeri fractions predominantly showed phenotype B effects in small- and medium-diameter neurons. Finally, specific Physalia physalis and Alatina alata venom components induced direct excitatory responses (phenotype C) in glial cells. These findings demonstrate a diversity of neuroactive compounds in jellyfish venom potentially targeting a constellation of ion channels and ligand-gated receptors with broad physiological implications.
Within the phylum Cnidaria, sea anemones (class Anthozoa) express a rich diversity of ion-channel peptide modulators with biomedical applications, but corollary discoveries from jellyfish (subphylum Medusozoa) are lacking. To bridge this gap, bioactivities of previously unexplored proteinaceous and small molecular weight (~15 kDa to 5 kDa) venom components were assessed in a mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG) high-content calcium-imaging assay, known as constellation pharmacology. While the addition of crude venom led to nonspecific cell death and Fura-2 signal leakage due to pore-forming activity, purified small molecular weight fractions of venom demonstrated three main, concentration-dependent and reversible effects on defined heterogeneous cell types found in the primary cultures of mouse DRG. These three phenotypic responses are herein referred to as phenotype A, B and C: excitatory amplification (A) or inhibition (B) of KCl-induced calcium signals, and test compound-induced disturbances to baseline calcium levels (C). Most notably, certain Alatina alata venom fractions showed phenotype A effects in all DRG neurons; Physalia physalis and Chironex fleckeri fractions predominantly showed phenotype B effects in small- and medium-diameter neurons. Finally, specific Physalia physalis and Alatina alata venom components induced direct excitatory responses (phenotype C) in glial cells. These findings demonstrate a diversity of neuroactive compounds in jellyfish venom potentially targeting a constellation of ion channels and ligand-gated receptors with broad physiological implications.
Author Giglio, Matías L
Yanagihara, Angel A
Hurwitz, Kikiana
Raghuraman, Shrinivasan
Olivera, Baldomero M
Espino, Samuel S
Kadler, Raechel
AuthorAffiliation 1 Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; rkadler@hawaii.edu
3 Faculty of Sciences, Brigham Young University Hawaii, Laie, HI 96762, USA; kikiana.hurwitz@byuh.edu
2 Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84115, USA; matias.giglio@utah.edu (M.L.G.); samuel.espino@utah.edu (S.S.E.)
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 1 Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; rkadler@hawaii.edu
– name: 2 Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84115, USA; matias.giglio@utah.edu (M.L.G.); samuel.espino@utah.edu (S.S.E.)
– name: 3 Faculty of Sciences, Brigham Young University Hawaii, Laie, HI 96762, USA; kikiana.hurwitz@byuh.edu
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  givenname: Angel A
  orcidid: 0000-0001-6908-8176
  surname: Yanagihara
  fullname: Yanagihara, Angel A
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– sequence: 2
  givenname: Matías L
  orcidid: 0000-0002-6357-9772
  surname: Giglio
  fullname: Giglio, Matías L
  organization: Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84115, USA
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  givenname: Kikiana
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  surname: Kadler
  fullname: Kadler, Raechel
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  givenname: Baldomero M
  surname: Olivera
  fullname: Olivera, Baldomero M
  organization: Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84115, USA
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Keywords glial cells
box jellyfish
ion-channel modulator
venom
cubozoa
Fura-2 calcium imaging
Physalia
dorsal root ganglia
constellation pharmacology
neurons
Language English
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Snippet Within the phylum Cnidaria, sea anemones (class Anthozoa) express a rich diversity of ion-channel peptide modulators with biomedical applications, but...
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StartPage 447
SubjectTerms Animals
Biological activity
Biomedical materials
box jellyfish
Calcium
Calcium - metabolism
Calcium compounds
Calcium imaging
Calcium Signaling - drug effects
Calcium signalling
Cell death
Cells, Cultured
Cnidaria
Cnidarian Venoms - chemistry
Cnidarian Venoms - pharmacology
constellation pharmacology
cubozoa
Dorsal root ganglia
Fractions
Fura-2
Fura-2 calcium imaging
Ganglia
Ganglia, Spinal - drug effects
Genotype & phenotype
Glial cells
Identification
Ion channels
Ligands
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Molecular weight
Neuromodulation
Neuronal-glial interactions
Neurons
Neurons - drug effects
Pathophysiology
Peptides
Pharmacology
Phenotypes
Physalia
Physalia physalis
Physiological effects
Physiology
Pore formation
Potassium chloride
Sea Anemones
Venom
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Title Elucidation of Medusozoan (Jellyfish) Venom Constituent Activities Using Constellation Pharmacology
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39453223
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