PM10 and PM2.5 Qualitative Source Apportionment Using Selective Wind Direction Sampling in a Port-Industrial Area in Civitavecchia, Italy

• Published in: Atmosphere Vol. 11; no. 1; p. 94
• Main Authors: Soggiu, Maria Eleonora, Inglessis, Marco, Gagliardi, Roberta Valentina, Settimo, Gaetano, Marsili, Giovanni, Notardonato, Ivan, Avino, Pasquale
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01-01-2020
• Subjects: Air pollution; Air pollution control; Anthropogenic factors; Chemical composition; Coal-fired power plants; Emission analysis; Emissions; Fossil fueled power plants; harbor; Harbors; Industrial areas; Industrial plant emissions; Industrial pollution; metals; Mitigation; Natural gas; Nitrogen dioxide; Outdoor air quality; pahs; Particulate emissions; Particulate matter; Particulate matter sources; pccd/f; pm10; pm2.5; Pollutants; Population studies; Ports; Power plants; Roads & highways; Sampling; Sensors; source apportionment; Statistical analysis; Statistical analysis of data; Statistical methods; Sulfur; Suspended particulate matter; Traffic; Urban areas; Wind; Wind direction; wind select-sampling device; Italy; Europe
• ISSN: 2073-4433; 2073-4433
• DOI: 10.3390/atmos11010094

The possibility to discriminate between different emission sources and between natural and anthropogenic contributions is a key issue for planning efficient air pollution reduction and mitigation strategies. Moreover, the knowledge of the particulate matter (PM) chemical composition for the different size fractions is recognized as increasingly important, in particular with respect to health effects of exposed population. This study is focused on the characterization of PM10 and PM2.5 main sources located in the Civitavecchia harbor-industrial area (Central Italy), namely a large coal-fired power plant, a natural gas power plant, the harbor area, the vehicular traffic (due to both the local traffic and the highway crossing the area) and small industrial activities. The approach was based on PM10/PM2.5 samples monthly collected for one year and a further relative chemical characterization of organic and inorganic fractions. Wind-select sensors, allowing a selective PM10 and PM2.5 sampling downwind to specific emission sources, were used for the overall sampling. This methodology manages to explain specific emission patterns and to assess the concentration levels of the micro pollutants emitted by local sources and particularly toxic for health. A descriptive statistical analysis of data was performed, also verifying the occurrence of legislative threshold exceedances. Moreover, in order to highlight the contribution of specific sources, the differences in the measured micro pollutants concentrations between wind directions, PM size fractions and sampling sites have been investigated, as well as the seasonal trends of pollutants concentrations. These results allow to highlight that the applied methodology represents a valid support in source apportionment studies.