Clenbuterol food poisoning diagnosis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometric serum analysis

Proliferation of the illegal use of veterinarian drugs, such as clenbuterol, to promote animal growth raises new concerns about their safety/toxicity, mainly as regards consumers. The present study, based on two clinical cases of clenbuterol food poisoning, suggests that blood taken from patients mu...

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Published in:	Analytica chimica acta Vol. 483; no. 1; pp. 207 - 213
Main Authors:	Ramos, Fernando, Cristino, Assunção, Carrola, Paulo, Eloy, Tânia, Silva, José Manuel, Castilho, Maria da Conceição, Noronha da Silveira, Maria Irene
Format:	Journal Article Conference Proceeding
Language:	English
Published:	Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 25-04-2003 Elsevier
Subjects:	Analytical chemistry Animal productions Biological and medical sciences Chemistry Chromatographic methods and physical methods associated with chromatography Clenbuterol Exact sciences and technology Food toxicology Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gas chromatographic methods Gas chromatography–mass spectrometric Medical sciences Serum Spectrometric and optical methods Terrestrial animal productions Toxicology Vertebrates Serum Gas chromatography–mass spectrometric Clenbuterol Drug Solid phase extraction Chemical analysis Illicit drug Toxicity Foodstuff Blood Chemical enrichment Gas chromatography Residue Detection limit Animal production Mass spectrometry Gas chromatography-mass spectrometric
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Abstract	Proliferation of the illegal use of veterinarian drugs, such as clenbuterol, to promote animal growth raises new concerns about their safety/toxicity, mainly as regards consumers. The present study, based on two clinical cases of clenbuterol food poisoning, suggests that blood taken from patients must be a step to respect when diagnosing similar situations. After blood centrifugation, serum was diluted with phosphate buffer and was submitted to solid-phase extraction. The eluate was evaporated to dryness and the residue was derivatised and then injected in the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) system (average recovery=100.01%; intra-assay C.V.=4.86%; inter-assay C.V.=9.10%, limit of determination=1.02 ng ml −1; limit of detection=0.31 ng ml −1). Clenbuterol was found at a concentration ca . 60 ng ml −1 in serum when blood collection was made during the 3 h period after ingestion of contaminated liver (1.42 mg of clenbuterol per kilogram). At these concentration levels, GC–MS clenbuterol determination was entirely reliable and the diagnosis of clenbuterol food poisoning could immediately be confirmed.
AbstractList	Proliferation of the illegal use of veterinarian drugs, such as clenbuterol, to promote animal growth raises new concerns about their safety/toxicity, mainly as regards consumers. The present study, based on two clinical cases of clenbuterol food poisoning, suggests that blood taken from patients must be a step to respect when diagnosing similar situations. After blood centrifugation, serum was diluted with phosphate buffer and was submitted to solid-phase extraction. The eluate was evaporated to dryness and the residue was derivatised and then injected in the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) system (average recovery=100.01%; intra-assay C.V.=4.86%; inter-assay C.V.=9.10%, limit of determination=1.02 ng ml super(-1); limit of detection=0.31 ng ml super(-1)). Clenbuterol was found at a concentration ca. 60 ng ml super(-1) in serum when blood collection was made during the 3 h period after ingestion of contaminated liver (1.42 mg of clenbuterol per kilogram). At these concentration levels, GC- MS clenbuterol determination was entirely reliable and the diagnosis of clenbuterol food poisoning could immediately be confirmed. Proliferation of the illegal use of veterinarian drugs, such as clenbuterol, to promote animal growth raises new concerns about their safety/toxicity, mainly as regards consumers. The present study, based on two clinical cases of clenbuterol food poisoning, suggests that blood taken from patients must be a step to respect when diagnosing similar situations. After blood centrifugation, serum was diluted with phosphate buffer and was submitted to solid-phase extraction. The eluate was evaporated to dryness and the residue was derivatised and then injected in the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) system (average recovery=100.01%; intra-assay C.V.=4.86%; inter-assay C.V.=9.10%, limit of determination=1.02 ng ml −1; limit of detection=0.31 ng ml −1). Clenbuterol was found at a concentration ca . 60 ng ml −1 in serum when blood collection was made during the 3 h period after ingestion of contaminated liver (1.42 mg of clenbuterol per kilogram). At these concentration levels, GC–MS clenbuterol determination was entirely reliable and the diagnosis of clenbuterol food poisoning could immediately be confirmed.
Author	Silva, José Manuel Cristino, Assunção Carrola, Paulo Castilho, Maria da Conceição Eloy, Tânia Ramos, Fernando Noronha da Silveira, Maria Irene
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Fernando surname: Ramos fullname: Ramos, Fernando email: fjramos@ci.uc.pt organization: Laboratório de Bromatologia, Hidrologia e Nutrição, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-295 Coimbra, Portugal – sequence: 2 givenname: Assunção surname: Cristino fullname: Cristino, Assunção organization: INFARMED-DOCQ (Farmacotecnia e Biofarmácia), Parque de Saúde de Lisboa, Avenida do Brasil, 53, 1749-004 Lisbon, Portugal – sequence: 3 givenname: Paulo surname: Carrola fullname: Carrola, Paulo organization: Serviço de Medicina II, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal – sequence: 4 givenname: Tânia surname: Eloy fullname: Eloy, Tânia organization: Laboratório de Bromatologia, Hidrologia e Nutrição, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-295 Coimbra, Portugal – sequence: 5 givenname: José Manuel surname: Silva fullname: Silva, José Manuel organization: Serviço de Medicina II, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal – sequence: 6 givenname: Maria da Conceição surname: Castilho fullname: Castilho, Maria da Conceição organization: Laboratório de Bromatologia, Hidrologia e Nutrição, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-295 Coimbra, Portugal – sequence: 7 givenname: Maria Irene surname: Noronha da Silveira fullname: Noronha da Silveira, Maria Irene organization: Laboratório de Bromatologia, Hidrologia e Nutrição, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-295 Coimbra, Portugal
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Keywords	Serum Gas chromatography–mass spectrometric Clenbuterol Drug Solid phase extraction Chemical analysis Illicit drug Toxicity Foodstuff Blood Chemical enrichment Gas chromatography Residue Detection limit Animal production Mass spectrometry Gas chromatography-mass spectrometric
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Snippet	Proliferation of the illegal use of veterinarian drugs, such as clenbuterol, to promote animal growth raises new concerns about their safety/toxicity, mainly...
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SubjectTerms	Analytical chemistry Animal productions Biological and medical sciences Chemistry Chromatographic methods and physical methods associated with chromatography Clenbuterol Exact sciences and technology Food toxicology Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gas chromatographic methods Gas chromatography–mass spectrometric Medical sciences Serum Spectrometric and optical methods Terrestrial animal productions Toxicology Vertebrates
Title	Clenbuterol food poisoning diagnosis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometric serum analysis
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