Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Gene: Selection of Tagging Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Association With Coronary Heart Disease

• Published in: Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology Vol. 26; no. 4; pp. 948 - 954
• Main Authors: Su, Shaoyong, Chen, Shufeng, Zhao, Jiangong, Huang, Jianfeng, Wang, Xiaoling, Chen, Runsheng, Gu, Dongfeng
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Philadelphia, PA American Heart Association, Inc 01-04-2006; Hagerstown, MD Lippincott
• Subjects: Adult; Atherosclerosis (general aspects, experimental research); Biological and medical sciences; Blood and lymphatic vessels; Cardiology. Vascular system; Case-Control Studies; China; Coronary Disease - epidemiology; Coronary Disease - genetics; Coronary heart disease; Diseases of the peripheral vessels. Diseases of the vena cava. Miscellaneous; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Haplotypes; Heart; Humans; Male; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 - genetics; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Sarcoidosis. Granulomatous diseases of unproved etiology. Connective tissue diseases. Elastic tissue diseases. Vasculitis; China; Vascular disease; Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1; case-control; haplotype-based association study; Atherosclerosis; plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene; Tagging; Cardiovascular disease; Coronary heart disease; Haplotype; Polymorphism; tagging SNP
• ISSN: 1079-5642; 1524-4636
• DOI: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000204731.17646.f2

OBJECTIVE—To explore the effect of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene variations on the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in Chinese Han population.
METHODS AND RESULTS—We screened all exons and the promoter region of PAI-1 gene in 48 patients and identified 17 polymorphisms. Five tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms were selected and genotyped in 816 patients with CHD and 937 controls. In the total sample, no main effects of the loci or haplotypes reached statistical significance after adjusting environmental covariates. However, a strongly significant gene–smoking interaction was observed. Among nonsmokers, 2 polymorphisms located at promoter region (rs2227631 and rs1799889) showed significant association with CHD. The cases had higher frequency of rs2227631 A allele and rs1799889 4G allele than the controls (0.42 versus 0.33, P=0.001; 0.60 versus 0.52, P=0.002). Haplotype analyses confirmed the effects of the PAI-1 gene–smoking interaction on CHD risk. Compared with the most common haplotype G-5G-A-A-T (35.1%), the haplotype A-4G-A-A-C (32.7%) significantly increased the risk of CHD with adjusted odds ratio of 1.51 (95% CI, 1.12 to 2.05; P=0.008) in nonsmokers.
CONCLUSION—This study identified a significant interaction between PAI-1 gene and smoking status. Both single locus and haplotype analyses indicated that rs2227631 A allele and rs1799889 4G allele increased the risk of CHD among nonsmokers in Chinese.