The use of metal hydrides in powder blending for the production of NdFeB-type magnets

• Published in: Journal of alloys and compounds Vol. 283; no. 1-2; pp. 282 - 288
• Main Authors: Mottram, R.S, Kianvash, A, Harris, I.R
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Lausanne Elsevier B.V 01-02-1999; Elsevier
• Subjects: Applied sciences; Blending; Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties; Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology; Exact sciences and technology; Magnet production; Magnetic properties and materials; Materials science; Materials synthesis; materials processing; Metal hydrides; Metals. Metallurgy; NdFeB magnets; Permanent magnets; Physics; Powder; Powder processing: powder metallurgy, compaction, sintering, mechanical alloying, and granulation; Studies of specific magnetic materials; Metal hydrides; Magnet production; Blending; Powder; NdFeB magnets; Sintering; Preparation; Rare earth alloys; Iron alloys; Experimental study; Microstructure; Neodymium alloys; Magnets; Boron alloys; Transition element alloys
• ISSN: 0925-8388; 1873-4669
• DOI: 10.1016/S0925-8388(98)00910-4

A blending process involving neodymium hydride has been used to improve the sintering characteristics of a Nd13Fe80.5B6.5 alloy. An addition of 1 at% of neodymium hydride made by blending of the powders, consistent with a final composition of Nd14Fe79.6B6.4, was sufficient to reduce the required sintering temperature from 1130 to 1070°C; with resultant improvement in the coercivity due to less grain growth and better grain isolation. The addition of dysprosium hydride to a Nd14Fe79B7 alloy by blending resulted in a further enhancement of the coercivity, a 2 at% addition yielding an approximate doubling in the value of intrinsic coercivity. Examination of the microstructure of dysprosium hydride blended magnets showed the dysprosium to be concentrated in the outer regions of the matrix grains, with the centres being essentially dysprosium free. Hydrogen has also been employed in improving the milling characteristics of the high melting point elements niobium and vanadium. Fine powders of niobium and vanadium hydride were prepared and were successfully blended into magnets with an even distribution throughout the microstructure. These studies have shown that powder blending of metal hydrides is an effective way of both promoting liquid-phase sintering in low rare earth composition magnets and of modifying the grain boundary phases and hence the magnetic properties.