A novel route for preparation of chemically activated carbon from pistachio wood for highly efficient Pb(II) sorption
Pistachio wood-derived activated carbon prepared by a two-stage process (PWAC-2), conducting two consecutive chemical activation processes with NH4NO3 and NaOH, respectively. The results showed that explosive characteristic of NH4NO3 can primarily be employed to produce a char, with a large surface...
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| Published in: | Journal of environmental management Vol. 236; pp. 34 - 44 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier Ltd
15-04-2019
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| Abstract | Pistachio wood-derived activated carbon prepared by a two-stage process (PWAC-2), conducting two consecutive chemical activation processes with NH4NO3 and NaOH, respectively. The results showed that explosive characteristic of NH4NO3 can primarily be employed to produce a char, with a large surface area and a highly-ordered pore structure, which can be subjected to a second activation process with NaOH to prepare a more suitable activated carbon, with a highly porous structure and useful functional groups, for removal of lead ions from aqueous media. An L25 Taguchi experimental design was used by varying impregnation ratio, activation time and temperature in both pre- and post-activation stages, and the results showed that, in both stages, a small activating agent/precursor and a proportional low activation time suffice for preparation of an advantageous activated carbon for Pb(II) adsorption. A comprehensive study was performed on the equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of Pb(II) adsorption by the new activated carbon. The results exhibited that, having had a high lead adsorption capacity (190.2 mg g−1), a high adsorption rapidness, and thermodynamic favorability, PWAC-2 is a beneficial alternative for utilization in full-scale plants of lead removal from waters and wastewaters.
•Suitable activated carbon for Pb(II) removal was produced by two-stage activation process.•NH4NO3 and NaOH were, respectively, used as pre- and pro-activation agents.•A small activating agent/precursor and a low activation time were enough for activation.•Explosive characteristic of NH4NO3 resulted in a char with a highly-ordered pore structure.•NaOH as pro-activating agent raised the activated carbon efficiency for Pb(II) sorption. |
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| AbstractList | Pistachio wood-derived activated carbon prepared by a two-stage process (PWAC-2), conducting two consecutive chemical activation processes with NH4NO3 and NaOH, respectively. The results showed that explosive characteristic of NH4NO3 can primarily be employed to produce a char, with a large surface area and a highly-ordered pore structure, which can be subjected to a second activation process with NaOH to prepare a more suitable activated carbon, with a highly porous structure and useful functional groups, for removal of lead ions from aqueous media. An L25 Taguchi experimental design was used by varying impregnation ratio, activation time and temperature in both pre- and post-activation stages, and the results showed that, in both stages, a small activating agent/precursor and a proportional low activation time suffice for preparation of an advantageous activated carbon for Pb(II) adsorption. A comprehensive study was performed on the equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of Pb(II) adsorption by the new activated carbon. The results exhibited that, having had a high lead adsorption capacity (190.2 mg g−1), a high adsorption rapidness, and thermodynamic favorability, PWAC-2 is a beneficial alternative for utilization in full-scale plants of lead removal from waters and wastewaters.
•Suitable activated carbon for Pb(II) removal was produced by two-stage activation process.•NH4NO3 and NaOH were, respectively, used as pre- and pro-activation agents.•A small activating agent/precursor and a low activation time were enough for activation.•Explosive characteristic of NH4NO3 resulted in a char with a highly-ordered pore structure.•NaOH as pro-activating agent raised the activated carbon efficiency for Pb(II) sorption. Pistachio wood-derived activated carbon prepared by a two-stage process (PWAC-2), conducting two consecutive chemical activation processes with NH NO and NaOH, respectively. The results showed that explosive characteristic of NH NO can primarily be employed to produce a char, with a large surface area and a highly-ordered pore structure, which can be subjected to a second activation process with NaOH to prepare a more suitable activated carbon, with a highly porous structure and useful functional groups, for removal of lead ions from aqueous media. An L Taguchi experimental design was used by varying impregnation ratio, activation time and temperature in both pre- and post-activation stages, and the results showed that, in both stages, a small activating agent/precursor and a proportional low activation time suffice for preparation of an advantageous activated carbon for Pb(II) adsorption. A comprehensive study was performed on the equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of Pb(II) adsorption by the new activated carbon. The results exhibited that, having had a high lead adsorption capacity (190.2 mg g ), a high adsorption rapidness, and thermodynamic favorability, PWAC-2 is a beneficial alternative for utilization in full-scale plants of lead removal from waters and wastewaters. |
| Author | Alakhras, Fadi Hosseini-Bandegharaei, Ahmad Sajjadi, Seyed-Ali Anastopoulos, Ioannis Unuabonah, Emmanuel I. Dotto, Guilherme L. Singh, Pardeep Lima, Eder Claudio Mendoza-Castillo, Didilia Ileana Meknati, Alireza |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Seyed-Ali surname: Sajjadi fullname: Sajjadi, Seyed-Ali organization: Environment Health Engineering Department & Social Determinants of Health Research Centre, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran – sequence: 2 givenname: Alireza surname: Meknati fullname: Meknati, Alireza organization: Environment Health Engineering Department & Social Determinants of Health Research Centre, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran – sequence: 3 givenname: Eder Claudio orcidid: 0000-0002-8734-1208 surname: Lima fullname: Lima, Eder Claudio email: profederlima@gmail.com organization: Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonc¸ alves 9500, Postal Box 15003, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil – sequence: 4 givenname: Guilherme L. orcidid: 0000-0002-4413-8138 surname: Dotto fullname: Dotto, Guilherme L. organization: Environmental Processes Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria–UFSM, 1000, Roraima Avenue, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Brazil – sequence: 5 givenname: Didilia Ileana surname: Mendoza-Castillo fullname: Mendoza-Castillo, Didilia Ileana organization: Instituto Tecnológico de Aguascalientes, Av. López Mateos 1801, Aguascalientes, 20256, Aguascalientes, Mexico – sequence: 6 givenname: Ioannis orcidid: 0000-0002-3371-3731 surname: Anastopoulos fullname: Anastopoulos, Ioannis email: Anastopoulos_Ioannis@windowslive.com organization: Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering & Environmental Technology (LBEET), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece – sequence: 7 givenname: Fadi orcidid: 0000-0002-0983-7494 surname: Alakhras fullname: Alakhras, Fadi organization: Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia – sequence: 8 givenname: Emmanuel I. surname: Unuabonah fullname: Unuabonah, Emmanuel I. organization: Environmental and Chemical Processes Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, Redeemer's University, PMB 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria – sequence: 9 givenname: Pardeep surname: Singh fullname: Singh, Pardeep organization: School of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan (Himachal Pradesh)-173212, India – sequence: 10 givenname: Ahmad surname: Hosseini-Bandegharaei fullname: Hosseini-Bandegharaei, Ahmad email: ahoseinib@yahoo.com, ahoseinib@iaukashmar.ac.ir organization: Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30711740$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | NaOH NH4NO3 Adsorption Pb(II) ion Two-stage activation Activated carbon NHNO |
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| Title | A novel route for preparation of chemically activated carbon from pistachio wood for highly efficient Pb(II) sorption |
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