Gemini Surfactants with Polymethylene Spacer: Supramolecular Structures at Solid Surface and Aggregation in Aqueous Solution

Aggregation of α,ω-bisammonium cationic gemini surfactants with a variable polymethylene spacer and two dodecyl chains has been studied on a solid surface and in aqueous solution. Scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering with the time-resolved fluorescence quenching technique were u...

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Published in:	Journal of surfactants and detergents Vol. 19; no. 3; pp. 477 - 486
Main Authors:	Pisárčik, Martin, Jampílek, Josef, Devínsky, Ferdinand, Drábiková, Juliána, Tkacz, Jakub, Opravil, Tomáš
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-05-2016 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Aquatic Pollution Aqueous solutions Cationic surfactants Chemistry Chemistry and Materials Science Dynamic light scattering Fluorescence Gemini surfactants Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering Light scattering Original Article Physical Chemistry Polymer Sciences Quenching Scanning electron microscopy Scattering Surfaces and Interfaces Surfactants Thin Films Time‐resolved fluorescence quenching Waste Water Technology Water Management Water Pollution Control Scanning electron microscopy Gemini surfactants Dynamic light scattering Cationic surfactants Time-resolved fluorescence quenching
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Abstract	Aggregation of α,ω-bisammonium cationic gemini surfactants with a variable polymethylene spacer and two dodecyl chains has been studied on a solid surface and in aqueous solution. Scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering with the time-resolved fluorescence quenching technique were used for the experiments on the solid surface and in aqueous solution, respectively. As the results from the scanning electron microscopy indicate, the morphology of supramolecular structures of gemini surfactants at the solid surface depends on the spacer length. In aqueous solution, gemini surfactants with spacers consisting of 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 CH 2 groups form spherical micelles with diameters between 2 and 3.5 nm. Micelles of gemini surfactant with a short ethylene spacer show an increase in size up to 13 nm at the maximum concentration investigated. The aggregation number of micelles determined by time resolved fluorescence quenching was found to be in the range 14–25 for the spacer lengths from 6 to 12 CH 2 groups with only a moderate increase with surfactant concentration. For micelles of gemini surfactants with the short ethylene spacer, the increase of the aggregation number up to 50 at the maximum concentration was observed. The findings support micellar growth of gemini surfactants with short ethylene spacer.
AbstractList	Aggregation of α,ω-bisammonium cationic gemini surfactants with a variable polymethylene spacer and two dodecyl chains has been studied on a solid surface and in aqueous solution. Scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering with the time-resolved fluorescence quenching technique were used for the experiments on the solid surface and in aqueous solution, respectively. As the results from the scanning electron microscopy indicate, the morphology of supramolecular structures of gemini surfactants at the solid surface depends on the spacer length. In aqueous solution, gemini surfactants with spacers consisting of 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 CH 2 groups form spherical micelles with diameters between 2 and 3.5 nm. Micelles of gemini surfactant with a short ethylene spacer show an increase in size up to 13 nm at the maximum concentration investigated. The aggregation number of micelles determined by time resolved fluorescence quenching was found to be in the range 14–25 for the spacer lengths from 6 to 12 CH 2 groups with only a moderate increase with surfactant concentration. For micelles of gemini surfactants with the short ethylene spacer, the increase of the aggregation number up to 50 at the maximum concentration was observed. The findings support micellar growth of gemini surfactants with short ethylene spacer. Aggregation of α,ω‐bisammonium cationic gemini surfactants with a variable polymethylene spacer and two dodecyl chains has been studied on a solid surface and in aqueous solution. Scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering with the time‐resolved fluorescence quenching technique were used for the experiments on the solid surface and in aqueous solution, respectively. As the results from the scanning electron microscopy indicate, the morphology of supramolecular structures of gemini surfactants at the solid surface depends on the spacer length. In aqueous solution, gemini surfactants with spacers consisting of 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 CH2 groups form spherical micelles with diameters between 2 and 3.5 nm. Micelles of gemini surfactant with a short ethylene spacer show an increase in size up to 13 nm at the maximum concentration investigated. The aggregation number of micelles determined by time resolved fluorescence quenching was found to be in the range 14–25 for the spacer lengths from 6 to 12 CH2 groups with only a moderate increase with surfactant concentration. For micelles of gemini surfactants with the short ethylene spacer, the increase of the aggregation number up to 50 at the maximum concentration was observed. The findings support micellar growth of gemini surfactants with short ethylene spacer. Aggregation of α,ω‐bisammonium cationic gemini surfactants with a variable polymethylene spacer and two dodecyl chains has been studied on a solid surface and in aqueous solution. Scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering with the time‐resolved fluorescence quenching technique were used for the experiments on the solid surface and in aqueous solution, respectively. As the results from the scanning electron microscopy indicate, the morphology of supramolecular structures of gemini surfactants at the solid surface depends on the spacer length. In aqueous solution, gemini surfactants with spacers consisting of 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 CH 2 groups form spherical micelles with diameters between 2 and 3.5 nm. Micelles of gemini surfactant with a short ethylene spacer show an increase in size up to 13 nm at the maximum concentration investigated. The aggregation number of micelles determined by time resolved fluorescence quenching was found to be in the range 14–25 for the spacer lengths from 6 to 12 CH 2 groups with only a moderate increase with surfactant concentration. For micelles of gemini surfactants with the short ethylene spacer, the increase of the aggregation number up to 50 at the maximum concentration was observed. The findings support micellar growth of gemini surfactants with short ethylene spacer. Aggregation of [alpha],[omega]-bisammonium cationic gemini surfactants with a variable polymethylene spacer and two dodecyl chains has been studied on a solid surface and in aqueous solution. Scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering with the time-resolved fluorescence quenching technique were used for the experiments on the solid surface and in aqueous solution, respectively. As the results from the scanning electron microscopy indicate, the morphology of supramolecular structures of gemini surfactants at the solid surface depends on the spacer length. In aqueous solution, gemini surfactants with spacers consisting of 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 CH2 groups form spherical micelles with diameters between 2 and 3.5 nm. Micelles of gemini surfactant with a short ethylene spacer show an increase in size up to 13 nm at the maximum concentration investigated. The aggregation number of micelles determined by time resolved fluorescence quenching was found to be in the range 14-25 for the spacer lengths from 6 to 12 CH2 groups with only a moderate increase with surfactant concentration. For micelles of gemini surfactants with the short ethylene spacer, the increase of the aggregation number up to 50 at the maximum concentration was observed. The findings support micellar growth of gemini surfactants with short ethylene spacer.
Author	Devínsky, Ferdinand Pisárčik, Martin Jampílek, Josef Tkacz, Jakub Drábiková, Juliána Opravil, Tomáš
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Martin surname: Pisárčik fullname: Pisárčik, Martin email: pisarcik@fpharm.uniba.sk organization: Department of Chemical Theory of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University – sequence: 2 givenname: Josef surname: Jampílek fullname: Jampílek, Josef organization: Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences – sequence: 3 givenname: Ferdinand surname: Devínsky fullname: Devínsky, Ferdinand organization: Department of Chemical Theory of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University – sequence: 4 givenname: Juliána surname: Drábiková fullname: Drábiková, Juliána organization: Materials Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology – sequence: 5 givenname: Jakub surname: Tkacz fullname: Tkacz, Jakub organization: Materials Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology – sequence: 6 givenname: Tomáš surname: Opravil fullname: Opravil, Tomáš organization: Materials Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology
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Keywords	Scanning electron microscopy Gemini surfactants Dynamic light scattering Cationic surfactants Time-resolved fluorescence quenching
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Snippet	Aggregation of α,ω-bisammonium cationic gemini surfactants with a variable polymethylene spacer and two dodecyl chains has been studied on a solid surface and... Aggregation of α,ω‐bisammonium cationic gemini surfactants with a variable polymethylene spacer and two dodecyl chains has been studied on a solid surface and... Aggregation of [alpha],[omega]-bisammonium cationic gemini surfactants with a variable polymethylene spacer and two dodecyl chains has been studied on a solid...
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SubjectTerms	Aquatic Pollution Aqueous solutions Cationic surfactants Chemistry Chemistry and Materials Science Dynamic light scattering Fluorescence Gemini surfactants Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering Light scattering Original Article Physical Chemistry Polymer Sciences Quenching Scanning electron microscopy Scattering Surfaces and Interfaces Surfactants Thin Films Time‐resolved fluorescence quenching Waste Water Technology Water Management Water Pollution Control
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Title	Gemini Surfactants with Polymethylene Spacer: Supramolecular Structures at Solid Surface and Aggregation in Aqueous Solution
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