Prevalence of cognitive impairment in HIV patients: vertical and horizontal transmission

Antiretroviral treatment has significantly increased the survival of patients infected with HIV-1. However, with increased survival, cognitive changes associated with HIV are frequently observed in this population. The clinical manifestations of HIV changes can vary as a result of several aspects, i...

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Published in:Dementia & neuropsychologia Vol. 16; no. 1; pp. 45 - 51
Main Authors: Gascón, Maria Rita Polo, Terra, Cauê Peter da Cruz, Guerra, Hestela de Lima, Gualqui, Carolina Fernandes, Lucia, Mara Cristina Souza De, Benute, Glaucia Rosana Guerra, Fonseca, Luiz Augusto Marcondes, Casseb, Jorge, Vidal, Jose Ernesto, Oliveira, Augusto César Penalva de
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Published: Academia Brasileira de Neurologia, Departamento de Neurologia Cognitiva e Envelhecimento 01-01-2022
Associação Neurologia Cognitiva e do Comportamento
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Abstract Antiretroviral treatment has significantly increased the survival of patients infected with HIV-1. However, with increased survival, cognitive changes associated with HIV are frequently observed in this population. The clinical manifestations of HIV changes can vary as a result of several aspects, including the virus transmission route. Several studies have pointed out premature neurological changes in vertically infected patients, while the manifestation of cognitive damage in adults may take a longer time. Objective: The aim of this study was to verify the prevalence of cognitive changes in patients with HIV via vertical transmission after the highly active antiretroviral therapy and the cognitive performance of these patients compared to a group of sexually infected patients. Methods: A total of 48 patients were evaluated, 25 with vertical transmission and 23 with sexual transmission, between May 2013 and February 2015 at the Institute of infectology Emilio Ribas. Neuropsychological tests were applied to assess cognitive performance, scales to assess symptoms of anxiety and depression, and sociodemographic questionnaire. Results: The results demonstrate that the frequency of cognitive impairment in vertically transmitted patients was higher than in sexually transmitted patients. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the deleterious effects of the HIV virus on the development of the central nervous system reverberate more strongly than in patients who acquire it after adulthood. RESUMO. O tratamento antirretroviral tem aumentado significativamente a sobrevida de pacientes contaminados pelo HIV-1. Entretanto, com o aumento da sobrevida, observam-se frequentemente alterações cognitivas associadas ao HIV nessa população. As manifestações clínicas das alterações do HIV podem variar em decorrência de diversos aspectos, entre eles a via de transmissão do vírus. Diversos estudos têm apontado alterações neurológicas prematuras em pacientes contaminados por via vertical, enquanto a manifestação de danos cognitivos em adultos pode levar um tempo maior. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a prevalência das alterações cognitivas em pacientes com HIV via transmissão vertical após a era da terapia antirretroviral altamente ativa e o desempenho cognitivo desses pacientes comparado ao de um grupo de pacientes contaminados por via sexual. Métodos: Foram avaliados 48 pacientes, sendo 25 com transmissão vertical e 23 com transmissão sexual no período entre maio de 2013 e fevereiro de 2015, no Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas. Foram aplicados testes neuropsicológicos para avaliar o desempenho cognitivo, escalas para avaliar sintomas de ansiedade e depressão e questionário sociodemográfico. Resultados: Os resultados demonstraram que a frequência de comprometimento cognitivo em pacientes contaminados via transmissão vertical foi maior do que naqueles contaminados via transmissão sexual. Conclusões: Essas descobertas sugerem que os efeitos deletérios do vírus HIV na formação do sistema nervoso central repercutem de forma mais acentuada do que em pacientes que o adquiriram após a vida adulta.
AbstractList Antiretroviral treatment has significantly increased the survival of patients infected with HIV-1. However, with increased survival, cognitive changes associated with HIV are frequently observed in this population. The clinical manifestations of HIV changes can vary as a result of several aspects, including the virus transmission route. Several studies have pointed out premature neurological changes in vertically infected patients, while the manifestation of cognitive damage in adults may take a longer time. Objective: The aim of this study was to verify the prevalence of cognitive changes in patients with HIV via vertical transmission after the highly active antiretroviral therapy and the cognitive performance of these patients compared to a group of sexually infected patients. Methods: A total of 48 patients were evaluated, 25 with vertical transmission and 23 with sexual transmission, between May 2013 and February 2015 at the Institute of infectology Emilio Ribas. Neuropsychological tests were applied to assess cognitive performance, scales to assess symptoms of anxiety and depression, and sociodemographic questionnaire. Results: The results demonstrate that the frequency of cognitive impairment in vertically transmitted patients was higher than in sexually transmitted patients. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the deleterious effects of the HIV virus on the development of the central nervous system reverberate more strongly than in patients who acquire it after adulthood.
Antiretroviral treatment has significantly increased the survival of patients infected with HIV-1. However, with increased survival, cognitive changes associated with HIV are frequently observed in this population. The clinical manifestations of HIV changes can vary as a result of several aspects, including the virus transmission route. Several studies have pointed out premature neurological changes in vertically infected patients, while the manifestation of cognitive damage in adults may take a longer time. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to verify the prevalence of cognitive changes in patients with HIV via vertical transmission after the highly active antiretroviral therapy and the cognitive performance of these patients compared to a group of sexually infected patients. MethodsA total of 48 patients were evaluated, 25 with vertical transmission and 23 with sexual transmission, between May 2013 and February 2015 at the Institute of infectology Emilio Ribas. Neuropsychological tests were applied to assess cognitive performance, scales to assess symptoms of anxiety and depression, and sociodemographic questionnaire. ResultsThe results demonstrate that the frequency of cognitive impairment in vertically transmitted patients was higher than in sexually transmitted patients. ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the deleterious effects of the HIV virus on the development of the central nervous system reverberate more strongly than in patients who acquire it after adulthood.
Antiretroviral treatment has significantly increased the survival of patients infected with HIV-1. However, with increased survival, cognitive changes associated with HIV are frequently observed in this population. The clinical manifestations of HIV changes can vary as a result of several aspects, including the virus transmission route. Several studies have pointed out premature neurological changes in vertically infected patients, while the manifestation of cognitive damage in adults may take a longer time.
Antiretroviral treatment has significantly increased the survival of patients infected with HIV-1. However, with increased survival, cognitive changes associated with HIV are frequently observed in this population. The clinical manifestations of HIV changes can vary as a result of several aspects, including the virus transmission route. Several studies have pointed out premature neurological changes in vertically infected patients, while the manifestation of cognitive damage in adults may take a longer time. Objective: The aim of this study was to verify the prevalence of cognitive changes in patients with HIV via vertical transmission after the highly active antiretroviral therapy and the cognitive performance of these patients compared to a group of sexually infected patients. Methods: A total of 48 patients were evaluated, 25 with vertical transmission and 23 with sexual transmission, between May 2013 and February 2015 at the Institute of infectology Emilio Ribas. Neuropsychological tests were applied to assess cognitive performance, scales to assess symptoms of anxiety and depression, and sociodemographic questionnaire. Results: The results demonstrate that the frequency of cognitive impairment in vertically transmitted patients was higher than in sexually transmitted patients. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the deleterious effects of the HIV virus on the development of the central nervous system reverberate more strongly than in patients who acquire it after adulthood. RESUMO. O tratamento antirretroviral tem aumentado significativamente a sobrevida de pacientes contaminados pelo HIV-1. Entretanto, com o aumento da sobrevida, observam-se frequentemente alterações cognitivas associadas ao HIV nessa população. As manifestações clínicas das alterações do HIV podem variar em decorrência de diversos aspectos, entre eles a via de transmissão do vírus. Diversos estudos têm apontado alterações neurológicas prematuras em pacientes contaminados por via vertical, enquanto a manifestação de danos cognitivos em adultos pode levar um tempo maior. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a prevalência das alterações cognitivas em pacientes com HIV via transmissão vertical após a era da terapia antirretroviral altamente ativa e o desempenho cognitivo desses pacientes comparado ao de um grupo de pacientes contaminados por via sexual. Métodos: Foram avaliados 48 pacientes, sendo 25 com transmissão vertical e 23 com transmissão sexual no período entre maio de 2013 e fevereiro de 2015, no Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas. Foram aplicados testes neuropsicológicos para avaliar o desempenho cognitivo, escalas para avaliar sintomas de ansiedade e depressão e questionário sociodemográfico. Resultados: Os resultados demonstraram que a frequência de comprometimento cognitivo em pacientes contaminados via transmissão vertical foi maior do que naqueles contaminados via transmissão sexual. Conclusões: Essas descobertas sugerem que os efeitos deletérios do vírus HIV na formação do sistema nervoso central repercutem de forma mais acentuada do que em pacientes que o adquiriram após a vida adulta.
Author Lucia, Mara Cristina Souza De
Benute, Glaucia Rosana Guerra
Oliveira, Augusto César Penalva de
Gascón, Maria Rita Polo
Gualqui, Carolina Fernandes
Guerra, Hestela de Lima
Casseb, Jorge
Fonseca, Luiz Augusto Marcondes
Vidal, Jose Ernesto
Terra, Cauê Peter da Cruz
AuthorAffiliation Universidade de São Paulo
Universidade de São Judas Tadeu
Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas
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  givenname: Cauê Peter da Cruz
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  givenname: Luiz Augusto Marcondes
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  surname: Fonseca
  fullname: Fonseca, Luiz Augusto Marcondes
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  givenname: Jorge
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  surname: Casseb
  fullname: Casseb, Jorge
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  givenname: Jose Ernesto
  orcidid: 0000-0001-5000-717X
  surname: Vidal
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Cites_doi 10.1590/S0004-282X2001000500007
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Issue 1
Keywords Cognitive Dysfunction
Disfunção Cognitiva
HIV
Complexo AIDS Demência
AIDS Dementia Complex
Language English
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content type line 23
MRPG: conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, funding acquisition, investigation, methodology, project administration, resources, software, supervision, validation, visualization, writing – original draft, and writing – review & editing; CPCT and HLG: conceptualization, formal analysis, investigation, methodology, and writing – original draft; MCSL, GRGB, JEV, and ACPO: investigation; CFG, LAMF and JC: writing – original draft.
Disclosure: The authors report no conflict of interest.
Authors’ contributions.
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Snippet Antiretroviral treatment has significantly increased the survival of patients infected with HIV-1. However, with increased survival, cognitive changes...
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StartPage 45
SubjectTerms AIDS Dementia Complex
CLINICAL NEUROLOGY
Cognitive Dysfunction
GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY
HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES
HIV
MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL
NURSING
Original
PSYCHIATRY
PSYCHOLOGY
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Title Prevalence of cognitive impairment in HIV patients: vertical and horizontal transmission
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