One-session root canal treatment with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT): an in vivo study

• Published in: International endodontic journal Vol. 49; no. 6; pp. 511 - 518
• Main Authors: Borsatto, M. C., Correa-Afonso, A. M., Lucisano, M. P., Bezerra da Silva, R. A., Paula-Silva, F. W. G., Nelson-Filho, P., Bezerra da Silva, L. A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01-06-2016
• Subjects: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents - therapeutic use; antibacterial dressing; antimicrobial photodynamic therapy; apical periodontitis; calcium hydroxide; Dentistry; Dogs; Microscopy, Fluorescence; one-session endodontic treatment; Periapical Periodontitis - drug therapy; Periapical Periodontitis - therapy; Photochemotherapy - methods; Root Canal Therapy - methods; two-session endodontic treatment; antibacterial dressing; calcium hydroxide; apical periodontitis; one-session endodontic treatment; antimicrobial photodynamic therapy; two-session endodontic treatment
• ISSN: 0143-2885; 1365-2591
• DOI: 10.1111/iej.12486

Aim
To evaluate the response of the apical and periapical tissues of dog teeth with apical periodontitis after one‐session root canal treatment with and without antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) compared with the use of an intracanal dressing.
Methodology
Sixty root canals with an induced periapical lesion were instrumented and assigned to three groups: I, two‐session root canal treatment using antibacterial dressing with calcium hydroxide‐based paste; II, one‐session root canal treatment using aPDT; and III, one‐session root canal treatment in which the root canals were filled immediately after biomechanical preparation. The animals were euthanized after a 90‐day experimental period. The maxillas and mandibles with teeth were submitted to histotechnical processing and haematoxylin–eosin staining. Descriptive microscopic analysis of the apical and periapical region characteristics was performed, as well as morphometric assessment of the periapical lesion areas in fluorescence microscopy. Quantitative data were analysed statistically by the nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test and Dunn's post‐test (α = 0.05).
Results
Group I was characterized by progressive repair, with the presence of fibres, cells and blood vessels. Group II had periodontal ligaments with the presence of collagen fibres and residual inflammatory cells. Group III had a dense inflammatory infiltrate with extensive oedematous areas and fibrillar dissociation, suggesting a persistent inflammatory and resorptive condition. Regarding periapical lesion size, group I had significantly smaller lesions (P < 0.05) than groups II and III, which did not differ significantly from each other.
Conclusion
Two‐session root canal treatment using a calcium hydroxide‐based dressing was associated with significantly smaller periapical lesions at 90 days and characterized by progressive repair.