Loading enhances glucose uptake in muscles, bones, and bone marrow of lower extremities in humans

Increased standing time has been associated with improved health, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. We herein investigate if increased weight loading increases energy demand and thereby glucose uptake (GU) locally in bone and/or muscle in the lower extremities. In this single-center clinical...

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Published in:	The journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism Vol. 109; no. 12; pp. 3126 - 3136
Main Authors:	Bellman, Jakob, Sjöros, Tanja, Hägg, Daniel, Atencio Herre, Erika, Hieta, Janina, Eskola, Olli, Laitinen, Kirsi, Nuutila, Pirjo, Jansson, John-Olov, Jansson, Per-Anders, Kalliokoski, Kari, Roivainen, Anne, Ohlsson, Claes
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Oxford University Press 18-11-2024
Subjects:	Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes Endokrinologi och diabetes Weight-bearing loading Obesity PET-CT Energy metabolism Positron emission tomography Whole-body imaging
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Abstract	Increased standing time has been associated with improved health, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. We herein investigate if increased weight loading increases energy demand and thereby glucose uptake (GU) locally in bone and/or muscle in the lower extremities. In this single-center clinical trial with randomized crossover design (ClinicalTrials.gov ID, NCT05443620), we enrolled 10 men with body mass index (BMI) between 30 and 35 kg/m2. Participants were treated with both high load (standing with weight vest weighing 11% of body weight) and no load (sitting) on the lower extremities. GU was measured using whole-body quantitative positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging. The primary endpoint was the change in GU ratio between loaded bones (i.e. femur and tibia) and non-loaded bones (i.e. humerus). High load increased the GU ratio between lower and upper extremities in cortical diaphyseal bone (e.g. femur/humerus ratio increased by 19%, p = 0.029), muscles (e.g. m. quadriceps femoris/m. triceps brachii ratio increased by 28%, p = 0.014) and in certain bone marrow regions (femur/humerus diaphyseal bone marrow region ratio increased by 17%, p = 0.041). Unexpectedly, we observed the highest GU in the bone marrow region of vertebral bodies, but its GU was not affected by high load. Increased weight-bearing loading enhances GU in muscles, cortical bone, and bone marrow of the exposed lower extremities. This could be interpreted as increased local energy demand in bone and muscle caused by increased loading. The physiological importance of the increased local GU by static loading remains to be determined.
AbstractList	Abstract Context Increased standing time has been associated with improved health, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Objectives We herein investigate if increased weight loading increases energy demand and thereby glucose uptake (GU) locally in bone and/or muscle in the lower extremities. Methods In this single-center clinical trial with a randomized crossover design (ClinicalTrials.gov ID, NCT05443620), we enrolled 10 men with body mass index between 30 and 35 kg/m2. Participants were treated with both high load (standing with weight vest weighing 11% of body weight) and no load (sitting) on the lower extremities. GU was measured using whole-body quantitative positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging. The primary endpoint was the change in GU ratio between loaded bones (ie, femur and tibia) and nonloaded bones (ie, humerus). Results High load increased the GU ratio between lower and upper extremities in cortical diaphyseal bone (eg, femur/humerus ratio increased by 19%, P = .029), muscles (eg, m. quadriceps femoris/m. triceps brachii ratio increased by 28%, P = .014), and certain bone marrow regions (femur/humerus diaphyseal bone marrow region ratio increased by 17%, P = .041). Unexpectedly, we observed the highest GU in the bone marrow region of vertebral bodies, but its GU was not affected by high load. Conclusion Increased weight-bearing loading enhances GU in muscles, cortical bone, and bone marrow of the exposed lower extremities. This could be interpreted as increased local energy demand in bone and muscle caused by increased loading. The physiological importance of the increased local GU by static loading remains to be determined. Increased standing time has been associated with improved health, but the underlying mechanism is unclear.CONTEXTIncreased standing time has been associated with improved health, but the underlying mechanism is unclear.We herein investigate if increased weight loading increases energy demand and thereby glucose uptake (GU) locally in bone and/or muscle in the lower extremities.OBJECTIVESWe herein investigate if increased weight loading increases energy demand and thereby glucose uptake (GU) locally in bone and/or muscle in the lower extremities.In this single-center clinical trial with a randomized crossover design (ClinicalTrials.gov ID, NCT05443620), we enrolled 10 men with body mass index between 30 and 35 kg/m2. Participants were treated with both high load (standing with weight vest weighing 11% of body weight) and no load (sitting) on the lower extremities. GU was measured using whole-body quantitative positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging. The primary endpoint was the change in GU ratio between loaded bones (ie, femur and tibia) and nonloaded bones (ie, humerus).METHODSIn this single-center clinical trial with a randomized crossover design (ClinicalTrials.gov ID, NCT05443620), we enrolled 10 men with body mass index between 30 and 35 kg/m2. Participants were treated with both high load (standing with weight vest weighing 11% of body weight) and no load (sitting) on the lower extremities. GU was measured using whole-body quantitative positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging. The primary endpoint was the change in GU ratio between loaded bones (ie, femur and tibia) and nonloaded bones (ie, humerus).High load increased the GU ratio between lower and upper extremities in cortical diaphyseal bone (eg, femur/humerus ratio increased by 19%, P = .029), muscles (eg, m. quadriceps femoris/m. triceps brachii ratio increased by 28%, P = .014), and certain bone marrow regions (femur/humerus diaphyseal bone marrow region ratio increased by 17%, P = .041). Unexpectedly, we observed the highest GU in the bone marrow region of vertebral bodies, but its GU was not affected by high load.RESULTSHigh load increased the GU ratio between lower and upper extremities in cortical diaphyseal bone (eg, femur/humerus ratio increased by 19%, P = .029), muscles (eg, m. quadriceps femoris/m. triceps brachii ratio increased by 28%, P = .014), and certain bone marrow regions (femur/humerus diaphyseal bone marrow region ratio increased by 17%, P = .041). Unexpectedly, we observed the highest GU in the bone marrow region of vertebral bodies, but its GU was not affected by high load.Increased weight-bearing loading enhances GU in muscles, cortical bone, and bone marrow of the exposed lower extremities. This could be interpreted as increased local energy demand in bone and muscle caused by increased loading. The physiological importance of the increased local GU by static loading remains to be determined.CONCLUSIONIncreased weight-bearing loading enhances GU in muscles, cortical bone, and bone marrow of the exposed lower extremities. This could be interpreted as increased local energy demand in bone and muscle caused by increased loading. The physiological importance of the increased local GU by static loading remains to be determined. Increased standing time has been associated with improved health, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. We herein investigate if increased weight loading increases energy demand and thereby glucose uptake (GU) locally in bone and/or muscle in the lower extremities. In this single-center clinical trial with randomized crossover design (ClinicalTrials.gov ID, NCT05443620), we enrolled 10 men with body mass index (BMI) between 30 and 35 kg/m2. Participants were treated with both high load (standing with weight vest weighing 11% of body weight) and no load (sitting) on the lower extremities. GU was measured using whole-body quantitative positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging. The primary endpoint was the change in GU ratio between loaded bones (i.e. femur and tibia) and non-loaded bones (i.e. humerus). High load increased the GU ratio between lower and upper extremities in cortical diaphyseal bone (e.g. femur/humerus ratio increased by 19%, p = 0.029), muscles (e.g. m. quadriceps femoris/m. triceps brachii ratio increased by 28%, p = 0.014) and in certain bone marrow regions (femur/humerus diaphyseal bone marrow region ratio increased by 17%, p = 0.041). Unexpectedly, we observed the highest GU in the bone marrow region of vertebral bodies, but its GU was not affected by high load. Increased weight-bearing loading enhances GU in muscles, cortical bone, and bone marrow of the exposed lower extremities. This could be interpreted as increased local energy demand in bone and muscle caused by increased loading. The physiological importance of the increased local GU by static loading remains to be determined. Increased standing time has been associated with improved health, but the underlying mechanism is unclear.We herein investigate if increased weight loading increases energy demand and thereby glucose uptake (GU) locally in bone and/or muscle in the lower extremities.In this single-center clinical trial with randomized crossover design (ClinicalTrials.gov ID, NCT05443620), we enrolled 10 men with body mass index (BMI) between 30 and 35kg/m2. Participants were treated with both high load (standing with weight vest weighing 11% of body weight) and no load (sitting) on the lower extremities. GU was measured using whole-body quantitative positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging. The primary endpoint was the change in GU ratio between loaded bones (i.e. femur and tibia) and non-loaded bones (i.e. humerus).High load increased the GU ratio between lower and upper extremities in cortical diaphyseal bone (e.g. femur/humerus ratio increased by 19%, p=0.029), muscles (e.g. m. quadriceps femoris/m. triceps brachii ratio increased by 28%, p=0.014) and in certain bone marrow regions (femur/humerus diaphyseal bone marrow region ratio increased by 17%, p=0.041). Unexpectedly, we observed the highest GU in the bone marrow region of vertebral bodies, but its GU was not affected by high load.Increased weight-bearing loading enhances GU in muscles, cortical bone, and bone marrow of the exposed lower extremities. This could be interpreted as increased local energy demand in bone and muscle caused by increased loading. The physiological importance of the increased local GU by static loading remains to be determined.
Author	Eskola, Olli Roivainen, Anne Sjöros, Tanja Jansson, Per-Anders Hägg, Daniel Atencio Herre, Erika Jansson, John-Olov Laitinen, Kirsi Nuutila, Pirjo Kalliokoski, Kari Bellman, Jakob Ohlsson, Claes Hieta, Janina
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Jakob orcidid: 0000-0002-9616-3407 surname: Bellman fullname: Bellman, Jakob organization: Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden – sequence: 2 givenname: Tanja surname: Sjöros fullname: Sjöros, Tanja organization: Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland – sequence: 3 givenname: Daniel surname: Hägg fullname: Hägg, Daniel organization: Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden – sequence: 4 givenname: Erika surname: Atencio Herre fullname: Atencio Herre, Erika organization: Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland – sequence: 5 givenname: Janina surname: Hieta fullname: Hieta, Janina organization: Nutrition and Food Research Center and Institute of Biomedicine, Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland – sequence: 6 givenname: Olli surname: Eskola fullname: Eskola, Olli organization: Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland – sequence: 7 givenname: Kirsi surname: Laitinen fullname: Laitinen, Kirsi organization: Nutrition and Food Research Center and Institute of Biomedicine, Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland – sequence: 8 givenname: Pirjo orcidid: 0000-0001-9597-338X surname: Nuutila fullname: Nuutila, Pirjo organization: Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland – sequence: 9 givenname: John-Olov surname: Jansson fullname: Jansson, John-Olov organization: Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden – sequence: 10 givenname: Per-Anders surname: Jansson fullname: Jansson, Per-Anders organization: Gothia Forum, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden – sequence: 11 givenname: Kari surname: Kalliokoski fullname: Kalliokoski, Kari organization: Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland – sequence: 12 givenname: Anne surname: Roivainen fullname: Roivainen, Anne organization: InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland – sequence: 13 givenname: Claes orcidid: 0000-0002-9633-2805 surname: Ohlsson fullname: Ohlsson, Claes organization: Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Drug Treatment, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Keywords	Weight-bearing loading Obesity PET-CT Energy metabolism Positron emission tomography Whole-body imaging
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Snippet	Increased standing time has been associated with improved health, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. We herein investigate if increased weight loading... Abstract Context Increased standing time has been associated with improved health, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Objectives We herein investigate if... Increased standing time has been associated with improved health, but the underlying mechanism is unclear.CONTEXTIncreased standing time has been associated... Increased standing time has been associated with improved health, but the underlying mechanism is unclear.We herein investigate if increased weight loading...
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SubjectTerms	Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes Endokrinologi och diabetes
Title	Loading enhances glucose uptake in muscles, bones, and bone marrow of lower extremities in humans
URI	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38753869 https://www.proquest.com/docview/3056666055 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC11570666 https://gup.ub.gu.se/publication/337893
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