Phototoxic effect of aluminium-chlorine and aluminium-hydroxide phthalocyanines on Leishmania (l.) amazonensis

• Published in: Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy Vol. 21; pp. 239 - 245
• Main Authors: Nesi-Reis, V., Navasconi, T.R., Lera-Nosone, D.S.S.L., Oliveira, E.L., Barbosa, P.M., Caetano, W., Silveira, T.G.V., Aristides, S.M.A., Hioka, N., Lonardoni, M.V.C.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01-03-2018
• Subjects: Animals; Cutaneous leishmaniasis; Erythrocytes - drug effects; Humans; Indoles - chemistry; Indoles - pharmacology; Leishmania - drug effects; Macrophages - drug effects; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Organometallic Compounds - chemistry; Organometallic Compounds - pharmacology; Photochemotherapy - methods; Photodynamic therapy; Photosensitizing Agents - chemistry; Photosensitizing Agents - pharmacology; Phthalocyanines; Cutaneous leishmaniasis; Phthalocyanines; Photodynamic therapy
• ISSN: 1572-1000; 1873-1597
• DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.12.008

•The study shows the phototoxic effects of phthalocyanines against promastigotes and amastigotes forms of L. amazonensis, after irradiation.•Until the moment, it is the first report about antileishmanial activity of the aluminum-hydroxide phthalocyanine.•The results of this study strengthen the possibility of use photodynamic therapy in the treatment of American cutaneous leishmaniasis.
This study investigated the activity of photosensitive phthalocyanines on promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania (L.) amazonensis. Aluminum phthalocyanine chloride (AlPcCl), Aluminum phthalocyanine hydroxide (AlPcOH) and zinc phthalocyanine (PcZn) were tested in the presence (matte red LED, potency of 2.5–2.3 μW for 30 min) and absence of light against L. amazonensis promastigotes and the parasite viability was evaluated after 24, 48 and 72 h. The amastigote forms were treated with AlPcCl and AlPcOH, following the same lighting protocols described for the promastigote forms, being evaluated after 24 h. Cytotoxicity to human erythrocytes and peritoneal macrophages was also evaluated. The results showed that AlPcCl and AlPcOH in the presence of light have antileishmania activity, with leishmanistatic effects on promastigotes and amastigotes of L. amazonensis, without causing cytotoxicity to peritoneal macrophages and erythrocytes. The concentrations that inhibited 50% of the promastigote forms after 24 h of light exposure were 0.21 ± 0.08 μM for AlPcCl and 0.23 ± 0.06 μM for AlPcOH. In 48 h and 72 h after the treatment, the IC50 of AlPcCl was 0.13 ± 0.02 and 0.12 ± 0.03 μM and for AlPcOH was 0.14 ± 0.01 μM and 0.11 ± 0.01 μM, respectively. PcZn showed no activity on promastigotes of L. amazonensis. This study showed a substantial photodynamic activity of the phthalocyanines AlPcCl and AlPcOH against intracellular amastigotes forms of L. amazonensis after irradiation, presenting IC50 values of 0.62 ± 0.06 μM and 0.92 ± 0.12 μM, respectively. These results support the possibility of using photodynamic therapy for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.