Climate change accelerates recovery of the Tatra Mountain lakes from acidification and increases their nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations

• Published in: Aquatic sciences Vol. 81; no. 4; pp. 1 - 13
• Main Authors: Kopáček, Jiří, Kaňa, Jiří, Bičárová, Svetlana, Brahney, Janice, Navrátil, Tomáš, Norton, Stephen A., Porcal, Petr, Stuchlík, Evžen
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01-10-2019; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Acid deposition; Acidic lakes; Acidic soils; Acidification; Anions; Apatite; Bedrock; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Calcite; Calcium; Calcium ions; Catchment area; Catchments; Cations; Chelation; Chlorophyll; Chlorophyll a; Climate change; Composition; Deposition; Dissolved organic carbon; Dissolved organic phosphorus; Ecology; Erosion; Freshwater & Marine Ecology; Lakes; Leaching; Life Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Sciences; Mineral nutrients; Mountain lakes; Nitrogen; Nutrient concentrations; Nutrients; Oceanography; Organic acids; Organic chemistry; Organic nitrogen; Phosphates; Phosphorus; Recovery; Research Article; Soil; Soil chemistry; Soil erosion; Soil pH; Soils; Understanding mountain lakes in a changing world; Weathering; Weathering; Chlorophyll; Phosphorus; Organic nitrogen; Accessory calcite and apatite
• DOI: 10.1007/s00027-019-0667-7
• EISSN: 1420-9055
• ISSN: 1015-1621

We evaluated changes in the concentration of cations, anions, nutrients (dissolved organic carbon, DOC; phosphorus, P; and nitrogen forms including nitrate, NO
3
−
and total organic nitrogen, TON), and chlorophyll
a
(Chl-
a
) in 31 Tatra Mountain lakes in Slovakia and Poland during their recovery from acidic deposition (1992–2018). Typical effects of decreasing acidic deposition on the lakes’ water composition, such as decreasing base cation concentrations, were confounded by climate change and catchment characteristics, including areal proportions of well-developed soils and scree. A climate-related increase in physical erosion provided freshly exposed unweathered granodiorite (the dominant bedrock) to chemical weathering. Dissolution of accessory calcite in the granodiorite increased the in-lake Ca
2+
and HCO
3
−
concentrations and reversed the Ca
2+
trends, which originally decreased in parallel with strong acid anions. These changes were most pronounced in steep, scree-rich areas, which are most sensitive to physical weathering. Fresh apatite [Ca
5
(PO
4
)
3
(F, Cl, OH)] in the crushed granodiorite acts as a P source at soil pH’s between 4 and 5 and in the presence of chelating organic acids within soils. These conditions enhance apatite solubility, which in part explains increasing P in lakes with scree-dominated catchments. Soil recovery from acidification due to decreasing acidic deposition and the neutralizing effect of weathering of erosion-derived accessory calcite were the most likely causes of elevated DOC and P export from soils. Their elevated leaching was accompanied by increasing in-lake concentrations of Chl-
a
and TON. The increasing TON concentrations were, as for Ca
2+
, most pronounced in the scree-rich catchments, and represented the most sensitive indicator of the changes in the lake water nutrient composition.