Pediatric anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis with MOG-Ab co-existence: Relapse propensity and treatability

• Published in: Multiple sclerosis and related disorders Vol. 58; p. 103447
• Main Authors: Weihua, Zhang, Shuai, Gong, Changhong, Ren, Xiaotun, Ren, Fang
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01-02-2022
• Subjects: Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis - complications; Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis - therapy; Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor(NMDAR); Autoantibodies; Child; Disease-modifying drugs(DMDs); Encephalitis; Humans; MOG; Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Prospective Studies; Relapse; Disease-modifying drugs(DMDs); Encephalitis; Relapse; Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; MOG; Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor(NMDAR)
• ISSN: 2211-0348; 2211-0356
• DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.103447

To investigate the clinical characteristics of the anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor(NMDAR)encephalitis with anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody(MOG-Ab)positivity serostatus in pediatric patients.
The clinical manifestations, treatments, and outcomes of patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis with positive MOG-Ab were elaborated. The annualized relapse rates (ARRs) were compared before and during treatment with disease-modifying drugs (DMDs).
Twelve patients were included. In the prospective cohort(Cohort A), MOG-Ab positivity was associated with relapse (p = 0.028, OR = 1.677). Eight cases relapsed, of which six cases were treated with DMDs. The median ARR reduced significantly following DMDs treatments (z = 1.992, P = 0.046).
The anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients with MOG-Ab co-existence are prone to relapse. Long-term DMDs therapy can reduce ARRs.