SERONEGATIVE CELIAC DISEASE IN BRAZILIAN PATIENTS: A SERIES OF CASES

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease characterized by immune reaction mostly to wheat gluten. The diagnosis is based on clinical, serological and histological findings in patients ingesting gluten. Cases that the clinical profile indicates CD and the autoantibodies are n...

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Published in:Arquivos de gastroenterologia Vol. 58; no. 2; pp. 214 - 216
Main Authors: KOTZE, Lorete M S, UTIYAMA, Shirley R R, KOTZE, Luiz Roberto, NISIHARA, Renato
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Instituto Brasileiro de Estudos e Pesquisas de Gastroenterologia e Outras Especialidades - IBEPEGE 01-06-2021
Instituto Brasileiro de Estudos e Pesquisas de Gastroenterologia (IBEPEGE)
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Summary:ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease characterized by immune reaction mostly to wheat gluten. The diagnosis is based on clinical, serological and histological findings in patients ingesting gluten. Cases that the clinical profile indicates CD and the autoantibodies are negative bring so a dilemma for the professional, as the risk of missed the diagnosis or a delay at the same. OBJECTIVE: To show the importance of correct diagnosis of cases with seronegative celiac disease (SNCD). METHODS: Ten cases of SNCD Brazilian patients were retrospectively studied (2013 to 2019). Data of clinical complaints, autoantibodies, IgA serum levels, histological findings and HLA-DQ2/DQ-8 were compiled. Dual-X densitometry, delay at diagnosis, previous autoimmune diseases and family history of CD were also checked. RESULTS: All SNCD patients presented clinical symptoms of CD, with confirmed diagnosis by histological findings of the duodenal mucosa and HLA-DQ2 and/or HLA-DQ8 positivity. All patients had normal IgA levels and negative autoantibodies (IgA-anti-transglutaminase and anti-endomysial). Dual-X densitometry detected osteopenia in two women and osteoporosis in two males, all with low levels of vitamin D. Delay diagnostic ranged from 1 to 19 years. Familiar occurrence of CD was reported in 40% of the cases. After one year of gluten-free diet, eight patients refer improve of symptoms, while duodenal biopsies, done in five cases, showed histological improvement. CONCLUSION: Patients who demonstrate the clinical profile of celiac disease with negative serology and normal levels of IgA, especially those who have family members with celiac disease, should be submitted to duodenal biopsies to look for histological findings. RESUMO CONTEXTO: A doença celíaca (DC) é uma doença autoimune caracterizada por reação imune principalmente ao glúten do trigo. O diagnóstico é baseado em achados clínicos, sorológicos e histológicos em pacientes que ingerem glúten. Casos em que o perfil clínico indica DC e os autoanticorpos são negativos trazem um dilema para o profissional, como o risco de não realizar ou atrasar o diagnóstico da DC. OBJETIVO: Mostrar a importância do diagnóstico correto de casos com doença celíaca soronegativa (DCSN). MÉTODOS: Dez casos de pacientes brasileiros com DCSN foram estudados retrospectivamente (2013 a 2019). Foram compilados dados de queixas clínicas, autoanticorpos, níveis séricos de IgA, achados histológicos e HLA-DQ2 / DQ-8. Densitometria, atraso no diagnóstico, doenças autoimunes prévias e histórico familiar de DC também foram verificados. RESULTADOS: Todos os pacientes com DCSN apresentaram sintomas clínicos de DC, com diagnóstico confirmado por achados histológicos da mucosa duodenal e positividade para HLA-DQ2 e/ou HLA-DQ8. Todos os pacientes apresentavam níveis normais de IgA e autoanticorpos negativos (IgA-anti-transglutaminase e anti-endomisial). A densitometria detectou osteopenia em duas mulheres e osteoporose em dois homens, todos com baixos níveis de vitamina D. O atraso no diagnóstico variou de 1 a 19 anos. A ocorrência familiar de DC foi relatada em 40% dos casos. Após 1 ano de dieta isenta em glúten, oito pacientes referem melhora dos sintomas, enquanto as biópsias duodenais, realizadas em cinco casos, mostraram melhora histológica. CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes que apresentam quadro clínico de doença celíaca com sorologia negativa e níveis normais de IgA, principalmente aqueles que possuem familiares com doença celíaca, devem ser submetidos à biópsia duodenal para pesquisa de achados histológicos.
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ISSN:0004-2803
1678-4219
1678-4219
DOI:10.1590/s0004-2803.202100000-39