Integration of a pharmacist-led pharmacogenomic service in a geriatric clinic: Barriers and outcomes

• Published in: Journal of the American Pharmacists Association Vol. 63; no. 3; pp. 778 - 784
• Main Authors: Kehr, Alayna M., Ayers, Gina, Saxena, Saket, Hashmi, Ardeshir Z., Erwin, Angelika L., Azene, Addisu, Hockings, Jennifer K.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01-05-2023
• Subjects: Aged; Ambulatory Care Facilities; Female; Humans; Male; Medicare; Pharmacists; Pharmacogenetics - methods; Retrospective Studies; United States; United States
• ISSN: 1544-3191; 1544-3450
• DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2023.01.001

The primary objective was to identify the proportion of patients who successfully completed PGx testing. Secondary objectives included determining the proportion of patients with actionable PGx results, determining the proportion of patients with a baseline medication intervention within 6 months of successfully completing PGx testing, and identifying barriers for not completing testing.
This was a single center, non-interventional, retrospective cohort study, approved by the institutional review board.
Patients included were 65 years of age or older and referred for PGx testing from geriatric outpatient clinics between May 1, 2019 and July 31, 2020.
This study aimed to assess the implementation of pharmacist-led pharmacogenomics (PGx) in the care of community-dwelling older adults in an outpatient clinic. Little is known about the acceptance and impact of this type of service within this population.
Of the 67 patients included, majority were female (78%), white (76%), and an average age of 78 years ± 5.98 SD. Majority were insured by Original Medicare or Medicaid (61%), had a history of cognitive impairment (84%), had a referring diagnosis of anxiety (40%) or depression (67%), and were prescribed a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (69%) at baseline. Majority successfully completed PGx testing (72%), with 72% having actionable PGx findings and 83% having a pharmacological intervention made thereafter. Nineteen patients did not complete testing (28%), with the primary barrier being not having an appointment scheduled (63%).
This study demonstrated majority of older adults were accepting of PGx testing and majority of findings were relevant to clinical care of anxiety, depression, or cognitive impairment.